在VSCode中自动配置Yocto SDK环境变量以实现CMake交叉编译

我正在Ubuntu系统的VSCode中搭建基于Yocto SDK与CMake的交叉编译环境，必须在项目文件夹启动VSCode前配置好必要的环境变量。目前我通过终端执行以下命令设置环境变量：

$ source /opt/poky/3.1.2/environment-setup-XxXxXx

如果缺少这些环境变量，CMake就找不到所需依赖。我想知道能不能在VSCode内自动化这个步骤，让每次打开项目时自动配置Yocto SDK环境变量，比如通过修改settings.json或者其他方法实现？

更新#1 #

附上环境变量配置脚本内容：

if [ ! -z "$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" ]; then
    echo "Your environment is misconfigured, you probably need to 'unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH'"
    echo "but please check why this was set in the first place and that it's safe to unset."
    echo "The SDK will not operate correctly in most cases when LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set."
    echo "For more references see:"
    echo "  http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html#AEN80"
    echo "  http://xahlee.info/UnixResource_dir/_/ldpath.html"
    return 1
fi

export SDKTARGETSYSROOT=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux
export PATH=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/sbin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/bin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/sbin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/../x86_64-pokysdk-linux/bin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/x86_64-poky-linux:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/x86_64-poky-linux-musl:$PATH
export PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT/usr/lib/pkgconfig:$SDKTARGETSYSROOT/usr/share/pkgconfig
export CONFIG_SITE=/opt/poky/3.3.4/site-config-corei7-64-poky-linux
export OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT="/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux"
export OECORE_TARGET_SYSROOT="$SDKTARGETSYSROOT"
export OECORE_ACLOCAL_OPTS="-I /opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/share/aclocal"
export OECORE_BASELIB="lib"
export OECORE_TARGET_ARCH="x86_64"
export OECORE_TARGET_OS="linux"
unset command_not_found_handle
export CC="x86_64-poky-linux-gcc  -m64 -march=nehalem -mtune=generic -mfpmath=sse -msse4.2 -fstack-protector-strong  -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security --sysroot=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT"
export CXX="x86_64-poky-linux-g++  -m64 -march=nehalem -mtune=generic -mfpmath=sse -msse4.2 -fstack-protector-strong  -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security --sysroot=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT"
export CPP="x86_64-poky-linux-gcc -E  -m64 -march=nehalem -mtune=generic -mfpmath=sse -msse4.2 -fstack-protector-strong  -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security --sysroot=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT"
export AS="x86_64-poky-linux-as  "
export LD="x86_64-poky-linux-ld   --sysroot=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT"
export GDB=x86_64-poky-linux-gdb
export STRIP=x86_64-poky-linux-strip
export RANLIB=x86_64-poky-linux-ranlib
export OBJCOPY=x86_64-poky-linux-objcopy
export OBJDUMP=x86_64-poky-linux-objdump
export READELF=x86_64-poky-linux-readelf
export AR=x86_64-poky-linux-ar
export NM=x86_64-poky-linux-nm
export M4=m4
export TARGET_PREFIX=x86_64-poky-linux-
export CONFIGURE_FLAGS="--target=x86_64-poky-linux --host=x86_64-poky-linux --build=x86_64-linux --with-libtool-sysroot=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT"
export CFLAGS=" -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types "
export CXXFLAGS=" -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types "
export LDFLAGS="-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-z,relro,-z,now"
export CPPFLAGS=""
export KCFLAGS="--sysroot=$SDKTARGETSYSROOT"
export OECORE_DISTRO_VERSION="3.3.4"
export OECORE_SDK_VERSION="3.3.4"
export ARCH=x86
export CROSS_COMPILE=x86_64-poky-linux-

# Append environment subscripts
if [ -d "$OECORE_TARGET_SYSROOT/environment-setup.d" ]; then
    for envfile in $OECORE_TARGET_SYSROOT/environment-setup.d/*.sh; do
        . $envfile
    done
fi
if [ -d "$OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT/environment-setup.d" ]; then
    for envfile in $OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT/environment-setup.d/*.sh; do
        . $envfile
    done
fi

方法1：通过VSCode的settings.json直接配置环境变量 #

将Yocto SDK脚本中定义的环境变量提取出来，添加到项目的.vscode/settings.json里，VSCode的终端、CMake工具链都会自动加载这些变量：

{
    "terminal.integrated.env.linux": {
        "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "",
        "SDKTARGETSYSROOT": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "PATH": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/sbin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/bin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/sbin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/../x86_64-pokysdk-linux/bin:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/x86_64-poky-linux:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/x86_64-poky-linux-musl:$PATH",
        "PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "PKG_CONFIG_PATH": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux/usr/share/pkgconfig",
        "CONFIG_SITE": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/site-config-corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux",
        "OECORE_TARGET_SYSROOT": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "OECORE_ACLOCAL_OPTS": "-I /opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/share/aclocal",
        "OECORE_BASELIB": "lib",
        "OECORE_TARGET_ARCH": "x86_64",
        "OECORE_TARGET_OS": "linux",
        "CC": "x86_64-poky-linux-gcc  -m64 -march=nehalem -mtune=generic -mfpmath=sse -msse4.2 -fstack-protector-strong  -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security --sysroot=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "CXX": "x86_64-poky-linux-g++  -m64 -march=nehalem -mtune=generic -mfpmath=sse -msse4.2 -fstack-protector-strong  -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security --sysroot=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "CPP": "x86_64-poky-linux-gcc -E  -m64 -march=nehalem -mtune=generic -mfpmath=sse -msse4.2 -fstack-protector-strong  -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security --sysroot=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "AS": "x86_64-poky-linux-as",
        "LD": "x86_64-poky-linux-ld   --sysroot=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "GDB": "x86_64-poky-linux-gdb",
        "STRIP": "x86_64-poky-linux-strip",
        "RANLIB": "x86_64-poky-linux-ranlib",
        "OBJCOPY": "x86_64-poky-linux-objcopy",
        "OBJDUMP": "x86_64-poky-linux-objdump",
        "READELF": "x86_64-poky-linux-readelf",
        "AR": "x86_64-poky-linux-ar",
        "NM": "x86_64-poky-linux-nm",
        "M4": "m4",
        "TARGET_PREFIX": "x86_64-poky-linux-",
        "CONFIGURE_FLAGS": "--target=x86_64-poky-linux --host=x86_64-poky-linux --build=x86_64-linux --with-libtool-sysroot=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "CFLAGS": " -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types ",
        "CXXFLAGS": " -O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types ",
        "LDFLAGS": "-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-z,relro,-z,now",
        "CPPFLAGS": "",
        "KCFLAGS": "--sysroot=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "OECORE_DISTRO_VERSION": "3.3.4",
        "OECORE_SDK_VERSION": "3.3.4",
        "ARCH": "x86",
        "CROSS_COMPILE": "x86_64-poky-linux-"
    },
    "cmake.environment": {
        "SDKTARGETSYSROOT": "/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux",
        "CC": "x86_64-poky-linux-gcc  -m64 -march=nehalem -mtune=generic -mfpmath=sse -msse4.2 -fstack-protector-strong  -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security --sysroot=/opt/poky/3.3.4/sysroots/corei7-64-poky-linux"
    }
}

方法2：自定义VSCode启动脚本 #

创建一个名为vscode-yocto.sh的启动脚本，内容如下：

#!/bin/bash
unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH
source /opt/poky/3.3.4/environment-setup-corei7-64-poky-linux
code .

给脚本添加执行权限：

chmod +x vscode-yocto.sh

之后每次通过这个脚本启动项目，VSCode就会自动加载Yocto的环境变量。

方法3：利用VSCode Tasks自动加载环境 #

在项目的.vscode/tasks.json中定义编译任务，让任务先加载Yocto环境变量再执行编译：

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "CMake Build",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH && source /opt/poky/3.3.4/environment-setup-corei7-64-poky-linux && cmake --build build",
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "problemMatcher": "$gcc"
        }
    ]
}

执行编译任务时，会自动完成Yocto环境变量的加载。

方法4：使用VSCode环境变量插件 #

安装Env Vars插件，在插件配置中指定Yocto SDK脚本的路径，插件会在VSCode启动时自动source该脚本，完成环境变量配置。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者pmundt