Python3.10+MariaDB环境下Discord Bot新增数据触发Segmentation fault

我给Discord Bot接入MariaDB数据库后，在Ubuntu 20.04服务器上新增数据库条目时总会触发Segmentation fault，但本地Windows电脑运行完全正常。启用Xfaulthandler后的控制台输出如下：

Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault

Thread 0x00007fa3d7fff700 (most recent call first):
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/threading.py", line 324 in wait
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/threading.py", line 607 in wait
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/discord/gateway.py", line 152 in run
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/threading.py", line 1016 in _bootstrap_inner
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/threading.py", line 973 in _bootstrap

Thread 0x00007fa3ddfac700 (most recent call first):
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/thread.py", line 81 in _worker
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/threading.py", line 953 in run
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/threading.py", line 1016 in _bootstrap_inner
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/threading.py", line 973 in _bootstrap

Current thread 0x00007fa3f8aa7740 (most recent call first):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/mariadb/cursors.py", line 296 in execute
File "/root/ayumi/Bot.py", line 217 in on_message
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/discord/client.py", line 441 in _run_event
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/events.py", line 80 in _run
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1909 in _run_once
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 603 in run_forever
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 636 in run_until_complete
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/asyncio/runners.py", line 44 in run
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/discord/client.py", line 860 in run
File "/root/ayumi/Bot.py", line 1381 in

Extension modules: multidict._multidict, yarl._quoting_c, aiohttp._helpers, aiohttp._http_writer, aiohttp._http_parser, aiohttp._websocket, charset_normalizer.md, frozenlist._frozenlist, numpy.core._multiarray_umath, numpy.core._multiarray_tests, numpy.linalg._umath_linalg, numpy.fft._pocketfft_internal, numpy.random._common, numpy.random.bit_generator, numpy.random._bounded_integers, numpy.random._mt19937, numpy.random.mtrand, numpy.random._philox, numpy.random._pcg64, numpy.random._sfc64, numpy.random._generator, psutil._psutil_linux, psutil._psutil_posix, mariadb._mariadb (total: 24)
Segmentation fault

1. 修复MariaDB驱动与系统库兼容性 #

Segmentation fault大多是C扩展模块和系统底层库不匹配导致的，Ubuntu 20.04自带的MariaDB库版本可能和你安装的mariadb Python包不兼容：

• 卸载当前驱动包：pip uninstall mariadb
• 安装适配系统的版本，建议从源码编译：

  sudo apt-get install libmariadb3 libmariadb-dev
  pip install mariadb --no-binary :all:
  

• 确保驱动版本和服务器版本一致：用mariadb --version看服务端版本，pip show mariadb看包版本，尽量保持大版本同步。

2. 解决异步环境下的线程安全问题 #

Discord.py是异步框架，而MariaDB默认游标不是线程安全的，如果在异步回调中复用连接/游标会触发崩溃：

• 不要共享connection或cursor对象，每次操作从连接池获取新连接：

  import mariadb
  from mariadb import ConnectionPool
  
  # 初始化连接池
  pool = ConnectionPool(
      user="你的用户名",
      password="你的密码",
      host="localhost",
      database="你的数据库名",
      pool_size=5
  )
  
  # 在消息回调中使用连接池
  async def on_message(message):
      conn = pool.get_connection()
      cursor = conn.cursor()
      try:
          cursor.execute("INSERT INTO 表名 (列名) VALUES (%s)", ("值",))
          conn.commit()
      finally:
          cursor.close()
          conn.close()
  

• 或者直接使用异步驱动aiomysql（兼容MariaDB），完全适配异步环境：

  pip install aiomysql
  

3. 排查Python版本兼容性 #

你当前用Python 3.10，但Ubuntu 20.04默认是Python 3.8，手动升级的版本可能和C扩展库存在冲突：

• 切换到系统默认Python 3.8重新安装依赖测试：

  sudo apt-get install python3.8 python3.8-pip
  python3.8 -m pip install discord.py mariadb
  

• 或者更新系统所有依赖到兼容版本：

  sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
  

4. 检查代码参数与SQL语句 #

崩溃发生在execute方法，可能是参数传递异常：

• 查看Bot.py第217行的execute调用，确保参数是基础Python类型（str、int等），避免传递numpy数组、自定义对象等非预期类型。
• 开启MariaDB查询日志，确认崩溃前的SQL语句是否正常：
  在/etc/mysql/my.cnf中添加配置：

  [mysqld]
  general_log = 1
  general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/general.log
  

  重启服务后查看日志，排查SQL语法或参数问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ItsKoga