Python中btree模块安装失败，寻求解决方法

报错信息 #

PS C:\Users\MY PC> pip install btree

Collecting btree
  Using cached btree-0.2.1.tar.gz (40 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [35 lines of output]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\MY PC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
        main()
      File "C:\Users\MY PC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:\Users\MY PC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
        return hook(config_settings)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:\Users\MY PC\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vs7__ft_\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 341, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
        return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:\Users\MY PC\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vs7__ft_\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 323, in _get_build_requires
        self.run_setup()
      File "C:\Users\MY PC\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vs7__ft_\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 488, in run_setup
        self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:\Users\MY PC\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-vs7__ft_\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 338, in run_setup
        exec(code, locals())
      File "<string>", line 6, in <module>
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1178, in _find_and_load
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1140, in _find_and_load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1080, in _find_spec
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 1504, in find_spec
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 1476, in _get_spec
      File "<frozen zipimport>", line 169, in find_spec
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 435, in spec_from_loader
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 798, in spec_from_file_location
      File "<frozen zipimport>", line 228, in get_filename
      File "<frozen zipimport>", line 766, in _get_module_code
      File "<frozen zipimport>", line 695, in _compile_source
      File "paver-minilib.zip\paver\tasks.py", line 69
        print output
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^
    SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print(...)?


note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

问题根源 #

你安装的btree包（版本0.2.1）是2009年发布的旧包，仅兼容Python2语法。你的环境是Python3.11，构建过程中依赖的paver工具使用了Python2的print output语法，导致Python3解析时触发SyntaxError。

解决方法 #

推荐方案：安装Python3兼容的替代包 #

使用btrees包，这是活跃维护、支持Python3的B树实现，功能与原btree一致。执行以下命令安装：

pip install btrees

备选方案（不推荐）：使用Python2.7安装 #

如果必须使用原btree包，需要搭建Python2.7环境，然后在该环境下执行：

pip install btree

注意：Python2.7已停止安全更新，存在安全风险，不建议在生产环境使用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shrivara S Samaga