如何修复TensorFlow中ImportError: DLL load failed指定模块未找到错误？

你在使用DeepFaceLab从视频提取图像训练深度人脸模型时，遇到了TensorFlow原生运行时加载失败的错误，具体报错如下：

Process Process-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "imp.py", line 243, in load_module
  File "imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "multiprocessing\process.py", line 258, in _bootstrap
  File "multiprocessing\process.py", line 93, in run
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\DeepFaceLab\core\leras\device.py", line 102, in _get_tf_devices_proc
    import tensorflow
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 102, in <module>
    from tensorflow_core import *
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\__init__.py", line 28, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 50, in __getattr__
    module = self._load()
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 44, in _load
    module = _importlib.import_module(self.__name__)
  File "importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 74, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "imp.py", line 243, in load_module
  File "imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

修复方案 #

• 安装微软VC++运行库
  这是最常见的触发原因，TensorFlow依赖的底层DLL需要Visual C运行时支持。下载并安装x64版本的Microsoft Visual C Redistributable for Visual Studio 2015-2019，安装完成后重启电脑。

• 匹配CUDA与cuDNN版本（GPU加速场景）
  如果你用GPU训练，TensorFlow、CUDA、cuDNN的版本必须严格对应：

  • 你的环境是Python3.6，对应TensorFlow 1.x版本，推荐搭配CUDA 10.0和cuDNN 7.6.5；
  • 将cuDNN解压后的bin、include、lib文件夹复制到CUDA安装目录的对应文件夹中；
  • 把CUDA的bin目录（比如C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v10.0\bin）添加到系统环境变量PATH的最顶端，避免版本冲突。

• 修复自带Python环境中的TensorFlow
  自带的Python环境可能存在TensorFlow损坏的情况：

  1. 打开命令提示符，进入DeepFaceLab自带Python的Scripts目录：cd C:\Users\USER\Desktop\DeepFaceLab_DirectX12\_internal\python-3.6.8\Scripts；
  2. 卸载现有TensorFlow：pip uninstall tensorflow tensorflow-core -y；
  3. 重新安装对应版本：pip install tensorflow==1.15.0。

• 检查系统环境变量
  确保以下路径已添加到系统PATH中：

  • CUDA的bin和libnvvp目录；
  • cuDNN的bin目录；
  • DeepFaceLab自带Python的Scripts目录。

• 更换DeepFaceLab版本
  如果以上方法都无效，尝试更换DeepFaceLab版本，比如选择CPU版本或者更新的GPU通用版本，避开DirectX12版本的兼容性问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Raymond