Java17+Tomcat10.1的Spring Web应用启动报错：无Spring Boot依赖却出现Jersey类异常

使用Java 17 + Tomcat 10.1搭建Spring Web应用，通过mvn dependency:tree确认项目无直接Spring Boot依赖，但启动Tomcat时抛出AbstractMethodError异常，提示org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration$JerseyWebApplicationInitializer未实现org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer接口的onStartup(jakarta.servlet.ServletContext)方法，导致启动失败。

报错信息 #

Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/myapp]]
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:878)
    ... 21 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/myapp]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1332)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1322)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:871)
    ... 21 more
Caused by: java.lang.AbstractMethodError: Receiver class org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration$JerseyWebApplicationInitializer does not define or inherit an implementation of the resolved method 'abstract void onStartup(jakarta.servlet.ServletContext)' of interface org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer.
    at org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer.onStartup(SpringServletContainerInitializer.java:171)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4882)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
    ... 27 more

May 12, 2023 4:53:16 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol pause
INFO: Pausing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8082"]
May 12, 2023 4:53:16 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stopInternal
INFO: Stopping service [Catalina]
May 12, 2023 4:53:16 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol destroy
INFO: Destroying ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8082"]

pom.xml依赖片段 #

...
<spring.version>6.0.8</spring.version>
...
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>       
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

问题根因 #

Spring 6 和 Tomcat 10.1 基于**Jakarta EE 9+**规范，使用jakarta.servlet包；而JerseyAutoConfiguration$JerseyWebApplicationInitializer来自Spring Boot的autoconfigure模块，该类是基于旧的javax.servlet规范实现的。两者API包名不兼容，导致Spring Web的WebApplicationInitializer接口要求的onStartup(jakarta.servlet.ServletContext)方法无法被该类实现，从而抛出AbstractMethodError。

即使mvn dependency:tree没显示直接依赖，也可能是某个第三方依赖间接引入了spring-boot-autoconfigure包。

解决步骤 #

1. 精准排查间接依赖
   执行以下命令，找出所有引入Spring Boot相关包的依赖：

   mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.springframework.boot
   

   该命令会过滤出所有与Spring Boot相关的依赖链路，帮你定位是哪个依赖带进来的spring-boot-autoconfigure。

2. 排除Spring Boot autoconfigure依赖
   在找到的依赖中，添加排除规则，移除spring-boot-autoconfigure：

   <dependency>
       <!-- 替换成你找到的依赖的groupId和artifactId -->
       <groupId>xxx</groupId>
       <artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
       <version>xxx</version>
       <exclusions>
           <exclusion>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
           </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
   </dependency>
   

3. 验证打包结果
   打包WAR包后，检查WEB-INF/lib目录，确保没有spring-boot-autoconfigure-*.jar文件，避免依赖残留。

4. 确认自定义初始化类规范
   如果你自己实现了WebApplicationInitializer，确保它实现的是Spring 6版本的org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer接口，方法参数为jakarta.servlet.ServletContext，而非旧版的javax.servlet.ServletContext。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ramt