如何改写代码适配最新Selenium版本（DeprecationWarning: executable_path）

一、适配executable_path弃用问题 #

Selenium 4.0+移除了executable_path参数，需通过Service对象管理Chrome驱动：

1. 导入ChromeService类：

from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

2. 实例化Service对象并指定驱动路径：

service = Service('chromedriver.exe')

3. 初始化浏览器时传入service参数：

browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, service=service)

二、修复定位器无效错误 #

错误中的invalid locator是因为Selenium 4要求明确指定定位策略，需配合By类使用：

1. 导入By类：

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

2. 修正用户名/密码输入框定位：

# 原错误写法
# input_username = browser.find_element("username")
# input_password = browser.find_element("password")

# 修正后
input_username = browser.find_element(By.ID, "username")
input_password = browser.find_element(By.ID, "password")

3. 替换已弃用的find_element_by_xpath写法：

# 原错误写法
# browser.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[1]/section/main/div/header/section').find_element_by_xpath("//*[text()='Message']")

# 修正后
browser.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[1]/section/main/div/header/section').find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[text()='Message']")

三、完整修改后的代码 #

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time, random
from threading import Thread

# 目标关注账号
target_profile = 'target'

# 账号间操作间隔
delay = 10

def auth(browser, username, password):
    try:
        browser.get('https://instagram.com')
        time.sleep(random.randrange(2,4))

        input_username = browser.find_element(By.ID, "username")
        input_password = browser.find_element(By.ID, "password")

        input_username.send_keys(username)
        time.sleep(random.randrange(1,2))
        input_password.send_keys(password)
        time.sleep(random.randrange(1,2))
        input_password.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
        browser.quit()

def follow(username, password, target):
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
    options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-logging"])

    # 适配Selenium 4的驱动初始化方式
    service = Service('chromedriver.exe')
    browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, service=service)
    browser.set_window_size(350, 900)
    auth(browser, username, password)
    try:
        time.sleep(random.randrange(8,10))
        browser.get('https://instagram.com/' + target)
        time.sleep(random.randrange(3,6))
        try:
            browser.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[1]/section/main/div/header/section').find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[text()='Message']")
            print(f'[{username}] 已关注 "{target}"')
            time.sleep(random.randrange(2,4))
            browser.quit()
        except:
            browser.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[1]/section/main/div/header/section').find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[text()='Follow']").click()
            time.sleep(random.randrange(3,6))
            browser.get('https://instagram.com/' + target)
            time.sleep(random.randrange(3,6))
            try:
                browser.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[1]/section/main/div/header/section').find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[text()='Message']")
                print(f'[{username}] 成功关注 "{target}"')
                time.sleep(random.randrange(2,4))
                browser.quit()
            except:
                print(f'[{username}] 关注 "{target}" 失败')
                time.sleep(random.randrange(2,4))
                browser.quit()
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
        browser.quit()

f = open('bots.txt', 'r')

for line in f:
    log = line.split(':')
    follow(log[0], log[1].strip(), target_profile)  # 处理换行符避免密码带多余空格
    time.sleep(delay)

额外说明 #

• 新增strip()处理账号密码行的换行符，避免密码包含多余空白字符
• 所有定位操作均已适配Selenium 4规范，同时解决了弃用警告和定位器错误问题

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pashka