部署在Railway.app的Java Spring MVC应用崩溃或无法访问控制器路径

数据老陈

2026-7-21

Spring MVC应用本地Tomcat运行正常，部署到Railway.app后崩溃无响应

问题说明

我开发的Java Spring MVC Web应用在本地Tomcat环境运行正常，但部署到Railway.app平台后直接崩溃，访问任何控制器路径都没有响应。以下是项目核心配置与代码：

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>pl.krzysztofskul</groupId>
  <artifactId>sensit5</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>sensit5</name>
  <description>A simple sensit5.</description>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <java.version>8</java.version>
    <maven-compiler-pluging.version>3.10.1</maven-compiler-pluging.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- E-MAIL -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
            <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<!--        <version>5.1.8.RELEASE</version>-->
        <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${maven-compiler-pluging.version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>${java.version}</source>
                <target>${java.version}</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.3.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
             <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.1.0</version>
             <configuration>
               <archive>
                 <manifest>
                   <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                   <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                   <mainClass>pl.krzysztofskul.sensit5.App</mainClass>
                 </manifest>
               </archive>
             </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>

  <reporting>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </reporting>
</project>

App.java

package pl.krzysztofskul.sensit5;

import javax.servlet.Filter;

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

public class App extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Hello World sensit5!" );
    }
    
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return null; }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{AppConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[] { characterEncodingFilter };
    }
    
}

AppConfig.java

package pl.krzysztofskul.sensit5;

import java.util.Locale;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleContextResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "pl.krzysztofskul.sensit5")
public class AppConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    @Bean
    public ViewResolver internalResourceViewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver bean = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        bean.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        bean.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        bean.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return bean;
    }

    @Bean(name="localeResolver")
    public LocaleContextResolver getLocaleContextResolver() {
        SessionLocaleResolver localeResolver = new SessionLocaleResolver();
        localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(new Locale("pl","PL"));
        return localeResolver;
    }
  
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry handlerRegistry) {
        handlerRegistry.addResourceHandler("/resources/**").addResourceLocations("/resources/");
    }
    
}

HomePageController.java

package pl.krzysztofskul.sensit5;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class HomePageController {

    @GetMapping({"/home", "/"})
    public String home() {
        return "index";
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/test/home")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testHome() {
        return "test home sensit5";
    }
    
}

问题分析与解决方案

核心问题

Railway.app默认不提供外部Tomcat容器，你的项目当前仅打包为WAR包，依赖外部容器运行，无法在Railway的环境中独立启动；同时pom.xml中同时配置了maven-jar-plugin和maven-war-plugin，存在配置冲突。

修复步骤

1. 添加嵌入式Tomcat依赖

在pom.xml的<dependencies>中添加嵌入式Tomcat依赖，让WAR包可以独立运行：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.65</version> <!-- 与servlet-api 4.0.1兼容 -->
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.65</version>
</dependency>

2. 移除冲突的JAR插件配置

删除pom.xml中的maven-jar-plugin配置（WAR项目无需生成可执行JAR）：

<!-- 删除以下这段配置 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
     <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
     <version>3.1.0</version>
     <configuration>
       <archive>
         <manifest>
           <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
           <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
           <mainClass>pl.krzysztofskul.sensit5.App</mainClass>
         </manifest>
       </archive>
     </configuration>
</plugin>

3. 修改启动类，支持嵌入式Tomcat启动

更新App.java，添加Tomcat启动逻辑，适配Railway的端口环境变量：

package pl.krzysztofskul.sensit5;

import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import java.io.File;

public class App extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws LifecycleException {
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        // 读取Railway分配的端口，默认8080
        String port = System.getenv("PORT");
        tomcat.setPort(port != null ? Integer.parseInt(port) : 8080);

        // 设置webapp目录路径
        String webappDirLocation = "src/main/webapp/";
        tomcat.addWebapp("", new File(webappDirLocation).getAbsolutePath());

        Context context = tomcat.getHost().findChild("");
        // 注册DispatcherServlet初始化器
        context.addServletContainerInitializer(new App(), null);

        tomcat.start();
        tomcat.getServer().await();
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return null; }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{AppConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        return new Filter[] { characterEncodingFilter };
    }
}

4. 添加Railway启动配置

在项目根目录创建Procfile文件，内容为：

web: java -jar target/sensit5-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war

5. 重新打包部署

执行mvn clean package生成WAR包，推送到GitHub后触发Railway重新部署。

额外检查

确认Railway的Java运行环境为8，与项目配置一致
查看Railway的应用日志，排查是否有端口占用、依赖缺失等具体错误
确保WEB-INF/views目录下存在index.jsp文件

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者krzysztofskul

部署在Railway.app的Java Spring MVC应用崩溃或无法访问控制器路径

问题说明 #

pom.xml #

App.java #

AppConfig.java #

HomePageController.java #

问题分析与解决方案 #

核心问题 #

修复步骤 #