Ubuntu 18用apt/dpkg/pip安装软件时Python包报错求助

在Ubuntu 18上部署Django+MySQL应用时，最初使用Python3.10搭配MySQL5，遇到pip无法安装mysqlclient的问题。升级MySQL到8、降级Python到3.8后，mysqlclient安装成功，但后续使用apt、dpkg甚至pip执行任何安装操作时均报错。

具体错误日志： #

E: py3compile:183: cannot create directory /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/__pycache__: FileNotFoundError(2, 'No such file or directory')
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/__version__.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/_internal_utils.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/api.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/auth.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/certs.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/compat.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/cookies.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/exceptions.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/help.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/hooks.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/models.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/packages.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/status_codes.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/structures.py'
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/utils.py'

dpkg: error processing package python3-requests (--configure):
 installed python3-requests package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-acme:
 python3-acme depends on python3-requests (>= 2.4.1); however:
  Package python3-requests is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python3-acme (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-certbot:
 python3-certbot depends on python3-acme (>= 0.26.0~); however:
  Package python3-acme is not configured yet.
 python3-certbot depends on python3-requests (>= 2.4.3); however:
  Package python3-requests is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python3-certbot (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python3-requests-toolbelt:
 python3-requests-toolbelt depends on python3-requests; however:
  Package python3-requests is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package python3-requests-toolbelt (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 firewalld
 python3-wheel
 python3-requests
 python3-acme
 python3-certbot
 python3-requests-toolbelt
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

解决步骤： #

1. 修复损坏的python3-requests包

错误根源是python3-requests包文件缺失，导致后续依赖包无法配置。

• 尝试强制重新安装：

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3-requests
  

• 如果上述命令失败，手动清理残留后重新安装：

  sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq python3-requests
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install python3-requests
  

2. 修复所有未配置的依赖包

修复python3-requests后，执行以下命令解决连锁依赖问题：

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get -f install

3. 验证修复结果

执行以下命令确认包管理工具恢复正常：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
pip3 install --upgrade pip

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Boualam BR