首先看你的问题，核心有两个关键点：Bib文件语法错误和可能的编译流程/版本兼容问题，咱们一步步来解决：

1. 修复Bib文件的语法错误 #

你的Test.bib最后一行缺少闭合的大括号}，这会导致Biber无法正确解析整个条目，直接跳过这个引用，所以才会出现“空参考文献”和一系列引用相关的错误。修正后的Test.bib内容如下：

@article{sanborn_learning_2014,
title = {Learning Democracy: Education and the Fall of Authoritarian Regimes},
volume = {44},
issn = {0007-1234, 1469-2112},
url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123413000082/type/journal_article},
doi = {10.1017/S0007123413000082},
shorttitle = {Learning Democracy},
abstract = {Studies on what causes a state to democratize have focused on economic, social, and international factors. Many of them argue that higher levels of education should promote democracy. However, few articulate clearly how education affects democratization, and fewer still attempt to test the supposed link across time and space. This article fills that gap by considering how different levels of education influence democratization, and the conditions under which education is most likely to promote democracy. Analyses of eighty-five authoritarian spells from 1970 to 2008 find that higher levels of mass, primary, and tertiary education are robustly associated with democratization. Secondary analyses indicate that education is most effective in promoting democratization when both males and females are educated. An illustration from Tunisia follows.},
pages = {773--797},
number = {4},
journaltitle = {British Journal of Political Science},
shortjournal = {Brit. J. Polit. Sci.},
author = {Sanborn, Howard and Thyne, Clayton L.},
urldate = {2021-09-18},
date = {2014-10},
langid = {english}
}

2. 遵循正确的编译流程 #

使用biblatex+Biber组合时，必须按固定顺序编译，否则会出现引用未定义或空参考文献的问题：

• 第一步：用pdfLaTeX编译主LaTeX文件，生成Biber需要的.bcf配置文件
• 第二步：运行Biber工具，处理.bcf和.bib文件，生成.bbl参考文献数据文件
• 第三步：再用pdfLaTeX编译主文件两次，确保引用标记和参考文献列表都正确渲染

在Texmaker里，你可以手动执行这几步，也可以设置自定义编译命令来自动完成整个流程。

3. 检查Texlive2019的版本兼容性 #

Ubuntu 20.04自带的Texlive2019中，biblatex-chicago和Biber的版本可能存在轻微兼容问题（你的Biber是2.14 beta版本）。如果前两步修复后仍有错误，可以尝试：

• 先更新系统的Texlive组件：运行sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade texlive-full
• 若问题依旧，可以考虑手动安装与当前biblatex版本匹配的稳定版Biber（不过大部分情况前两步就能解决问题）

验证修正效果 #

你的主LaTeX文件本身没有语法问题，\citep命令在biblatex-chicago的authordate样式下是可用的（因为你设置了autocite=inline）。按上述步骤修正后重新编译，应该就能正常显示引用和参考文献了。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Louis