开启minifyEnabled后Android低版本崩溃：NoClassDefFoundError(LinkOption)

开启minifyEnabled true运行Android应用时出现崩溃异常；注释该配置后应用可正常启动。

错误信息 #

AndroidRuntime             E  FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: my.app.android, PID: 24808
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: [Ljava/nio/file/LinkOption;
    at af.h.<clinit>(JavaFlexibleTypeDeserializer.kt:18)
    at pl.h.onCreate(MyApp.java:302)
    at my.app.android.MyBaseApp.onCreate(MyBaseApp.kt:1)
    at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1013)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4707)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap1(ActivityThread.java)
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1405)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5417)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:726)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "java.nio.file.LinkOption" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/my.app.android-2/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/my.app.android-2/lib/x86, /data/app/my.app.android-2/base.apk!/lib/x86, /vendor/lib, /system/lib]]
    at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:56)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:511)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:469)
    at af.h.<clinit>(JavaFlexibleTypeDeserializer.kt:18) 
    at pl.h.onCreate(MyApp.java:302) 
    at my.app.android.MyBaseApp.onCreate(MyBaseApp.kt:1) 
    at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1013) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4707) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap1(ActivityThread.java) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1405) 
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5417) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:726) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616) 
    Suppressed: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: java.nio.file.LinkOption
        at java.lang.Class.classForName(Native Method)
        at java.lang.BootClassLoader.findClass(ClassLoader.java:781)
        at java.lang.BootClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:841)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:504)
        ... 14 more
    Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Class not found using the boot class loader; no stack trace available

已尝试的排查方案 #

• ProGuard保留类：已在ProGuard文件中添加以下规则，但无效：

  -keep class java.nio.file.** { *; }
  
  -keep class java.nio.file.LinkOption { *; }
  
  -keepclassmembers class java.nio.file.* {
      <fields>;
      <init>();
      <methods>;
  }
  

• 升级Firebase版本：因早期栈信息涉及FirebaseInitProvider，已升级至最新版本并更新classpath "com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.14"，但错误仍存在。
• Desugaring处理：尝试coreLibraryDesugaring 'com.android.tools:desugar_jdk_libs_nio:2.0.1'时出现FakeDependency.jar为空问题；改用com.android.tools:desugar_jdk_libs:2.0.1可构建但崩溃未解决。

环境测试情况 #

问题仅出现在API Level 23、24设备且开启minifyEnabled true时；API Level 33设备无论配置如何均正常。测试状态：

我将测试API25-27并更新表格，请问还有哪些遗漏或未尝试的解决方向？

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dhagz