将.ipynb转.exe后出现NameError: name 'null' is not defined问题求助

我用PyInstaller把.ipynb文件转成.exe，想让同事不用装Python就能用，但运行生成的.exe时弹出错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Bot.ipynb", line 232, in 
NameError: name 'null' is not defined

有两个关键情况需要说明：

• 我的代码里完全没用到null关键字
• 我写的代码总行数连232行都不到

我的代码如下：

from tkinter import *
import PIL
from PIL import ImageTk
from PIL import Image
import tkinter as tk
import webbrowser
from tkinter import scrolledtext
from datetime import datetime

root = tk.Tk()
def update_title():
    current_date_time = datetime.now().strftime("%A,%d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S")
    root.title(f"Welcome -  {current_date_time}")
    root.after(1000, update_title)
    
update_title()   
root.geometry("1000x700")
root.configure(bg="#D22730")

def open_website(url):
    webbrowser.open(url)


# 处理用户输入并生成机器人回复的函数
def get_bot_response():
    user_input = input_box.get("1.0", tk.END).strip().lower()
    output_box.configure(state='normal')
    output_box.delete("1.0",tk.END) # 清除之前的输出
    output_box.insert(tk.END, 'User: {}\n'.format(user_input))
    
    # 根据用户查询提供对应指引
    if 'how to register to ekincare' in user_input or 'ekincare' in user_input or 'medicine' in user_input or 'tele-medicine' in user_input:
        instructions =  "partnered with ekincare, a leading digital healthcare provider \
        to provide you with 24/7 unlimited access to doctor consultation. The coverage is for the \
        employee and upto 5 family members. \n\n" 
        instructions += "The key services provided are: \n"
        instructions += "1.  24/7 unlimited teleconsultation – (General Physician only) via chat or audio \n"
        instructions += "2.  Health Risk Assessment – Track your and your family’s health \n"
        instructions += "3.  COVID Care Management- Home Isolation support for COVID treatment \n"
        instructions += "4.  Discounted Pharmacy –  Up to 20% discount on medicines ordered online (borne by the employee) \n"
        instructions += "5.  Discounted Medical Tests - Up to 40% discount on home sample collection (borne by the employee) \n"
        instructions += "6.  For any queries / support required, please reach out to ekincare at help@ekincare.com or call at +91 49 6816 7274 \n"   
        instructions += "7.  For more details, please refer: https://hrdirect.service-now.com/sys_attachment.do?sys_id=f3c0bd451b37959868314376b04bcbf9 \n"
        
        response = instructions     
        
    elif 'how to add a new domestic beneficiary using mobile banking app' in user_input or 'payee' in user_input or 'add beneficiary' in user_input:
        instructions = "To add new benefiary, please follow the below steps. \n\n" 
        instructions += "1.  Login to your Mobile Banking App \n"
        instructions += "2.  Select 'Move Money' tab \n"
        instructions += "3.  Select 'Pay & Transfer' \n"
        instructions += "4.  Choose the account you’re making the payment from \n"
        instructions += "5.  Under the 'my beneficiaries' section Now you’ll see an option to 'Add a new beneficiary' at the top of your screen \n"
        instructions += "6.  Select and follow the onscreen instructions \n"   
        instructions += "7.  'Confirm' your instruction \n"
        
        response = instructions  
        
    else:
        response = "Sorry, I need to get trained on this topic"
        
    output_box.insert(tk.END, 'Bot: {}\n'.format(response))
    output_box.configure(state='disabled')
    output_box.see(tk.END)
    
input_label = tk.Label(root, text="User Input:",anchor="w",bg="black",fg="white",font=("Arial",12))
input_label.pack(anchor="w")

    
# 输入框
input_box = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(root, height=7, width=100,font=("Arial",12))
input_box.pack()

output_label = tk.Label(root, text="Bot Response:",anchor="w",bg="black",fg="white",font=("Arial",12))
output_label.pack(anchor="w")

# 输出框
output_box = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(root, height=15,width=100,wrap=tk.WORD,font=("Arial",12))
output_box.pack()    
output_box.configure(borderwidth=1, relief="solid")

send_button = tk.Button(root, text="Find", command=get_bot_response,bg="black",fg="white",width=8,height=1, font=("Arial",12,"bold"))
send_button.pack()

button_frame = tk.Frame(root)
button_frame.pack(side="bottom",pady=10)
    
button1 = tk.Button(root, text="Service now", relief="flat",width=15, height=1,font=("Arial",10,"bold"),command=lambda: open_website("https://itid.service-now.com/servicenow")) 
button1.pack(side="left",padx=5)

root.mainloop()

完整回溯信息见截图：

问题根源 #

直接用PyInstaller打包.ipynb文件是问题的核心——Jupyter笔记本本质是JSON格式的文件，里面不仅有你写的代码，还有输出记录、元数据等内容，而JSON里的空值标记是null。PyInstaller会把整个.ipynb文件当作Python脚本解析，自然会把JSON里的null识别成未定义的Python变量，报错里的行号也是JSON文件的行号，不是你写的代码行号。

解决步骤 #

1. 把.ipynb转换成纯.py文件

   • 图形化方式：打开Jupyter Notebook，点击菜单栏File → Download as → Python (.py)，直接导出纯Python脚本。
   • 命令行方式：执行以下命令完成转换：

     jupyter nbconvert --to script Bot.ipynb
     

   转换后会得到Bot.py文件，里面只有你的代码，没有多余的JSON元数据。

2. 验证转换后的.py文件
   先在Python环境里运行python Bot.py，确认代码能正常启动、功能正常，没有报错。

3. 用PyInstaller打包.py文件
   执行打包命令：

   pyinstaller --onefile Bot.py
   

   如果需要生成无控制台的窗口程序，加上--windowed参数：

   pyinstaller --onefile --windowed Bot.py
   

4. 测试最终的.exe文件
   打包完成后，在生成的dist文件夹里找到Bot.exe，运行测试，这个时候就不会再出现null未定义的错误了。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Atul sanwal