安装backports-zoneinfo时wheel构建失败，已装VS构建工具仍求助

补充说明 #

由于错误日志中出现Using cached backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1.tar.gz (74 kB)，我尝试了清除pip缓存（可能缓存版本损坏/过旧，与其他包不兼容），但除了移除该日志行外没有其他效果。

背景信息 #

我安装Python 3.9后遇到了依赖问题（相关讨论见两处Stack Overflow评论）。相关问题已修复，但我正在卸载并重新安装pip包以确保它们与新Python版本兼容，其中一个包是backports-zoneinfo。我知道实际上不需要这个包，但为了兼容旧Python版本的代码仍打算保留它。

问题描述 #

我已卸载backports-zoneinfo，尝试重新安装时出现以下错误。根据错误提示安装了2022版Visual C++构建工具后再次尝试重装，仍出现相同错误。恳请帮忙诊断并解决该问题。

卸载日志 #

C:\Users\u03132tk>pip uninstall backports-zoneinfo
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umpy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umexpr (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -iopython (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -illow (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -cipy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umpy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umexpr (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -iopython (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -illow (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -cipy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
Found existing installation: backports.zoneinfo 0.2.1
Uninstalling backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1:
  Would remove:
    c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1.dist-info\*
    c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\backports\*
  Would not remove (might be manually added):
    c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\backports\functools_lru_cache.py
    c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\backports\tempfile.py
    c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\backports\weakref.py
Proceed (Y/n)? Y
  Successfully uninstalled backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1

重装错误日志 #

C:\Users\u03132tk>pip install backports-zoneinfo
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umpy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umexpr (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -iopython (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -illow (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -cipy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umpy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umexpr (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -iopython (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -illow (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -cipy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
Collecting backports-zoneinfo
  Using cached backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1.tar.gz (74 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: backports-zoneinfo
  Building wheel for backports-zoneinfo (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for backports-zoneinfo (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [46 lines of output]
      C:\Users\u03132tk\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0o6uoggk\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\config\setupcfg.py:293: _DeprecatedConfig: Deprecated config in `setup.cfg`
      !!

              ********************************************************************************
              The license_file parameter is deprecated, use license_files instead.

              By 2023-Oct-30, you need to update your project and remove deprecated calls
              or your builds will no longer be supported.

              See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/declarative_config.html for details.
              ********************************************************************************

      !!
        parsed = self.parsers.get(option_name, lambda x: x)(value)
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports
      copying src\backports\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      copying src\backports\zoneinfo\_common.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      copying src\backports\zoneinfo\_tzpath.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      copying src\backports\zoneinfo\_version.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      copying src\backports\zoneinfo\_zoneinfo.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      copying src\backports\zoneinfo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      running egg_info
      writing src\backports.zoneinfo.egg-info\PKG-INFO
      writing dependency_links to src\backports.zoneinfo.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
      writing requirements to src\backports.zoneinfo.egg-info\requires.txt
      writing top-level names to src\backports.zoneinfo.egg-info\top_level.txt
      reading manifest file 'src\backports.zoneinfo.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
      warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'docs'
      warning: no files found matching '*.svg' under directory 'docs'
      no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_build'
      no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_output'
      adding license file 'LICENSE'
      adding license file 'licenses/LICENSE_APACHE'
      writing manifest file 'src\backports.zoneinfo.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      copying src\backports\zoneinfo\__init__.pyi -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      copying src\backports\zoneinfo\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-39\backports\zoneinfo
      running build_ext
      building 'backports.zoneinfo._czoneinfo' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for backports-zoneinfo
Failed to build backports-zoneinfo
ERROR: Could not build wheels for backports-zoneinfo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umpy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umexpr (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -iopython (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -illow (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -cipy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umpy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umexpr (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -iopython (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -illow (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -cipy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umpy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -umexpr (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -iopython (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -illow (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -cipy (c:\anaconda3\lib\site-packages)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tim Kirkwood