Spring Data未扫描MongoDB仓库，如何恢复扫描功能？

我有一个演示多种实践的Demo应用，原本可同时向MySQL和MongoDB插入数据，之前启动日志会显示：

Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
Bootstrapping Spring Data MongoDb repositories in DEFAULT mode.

但添加H2内存数据库等修改后，日志仅保留JPA仓库的启动信息，MongoDB仓库未被扫描，且抛出Bean不存在异常：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb.PoliceAssuranceSpringDataMongoOrderRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}

当前配置与依赖 #

application.properties #

spring.jpa.open-in-view=false

spring.data.mongodb.authentication-database=admin
spring.data.mongodb.host=localhost
spring.data.mongodb.port=27017
spring.data.mongodb.database=police-assurance-database

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.globally_quoted_identifiers=true

MongoDB配置类 #

package fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb.config;

import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.config.EnableMongoRepositories;

import fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb.PoliceAssuranceSpringDataMongoOrderRepository;

@EnableMongoRepositories(basePackageClasses = PoliceAssuranceSpringDataMongoOrderRepository.class)
public class MongoDBConfiguration {
}

MongoDB仓库接口 #

package fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;

import fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb.entity.PoliceAssuranceMongo;

public interface PoliceAssuranceSpringDataMongoOrderRepository extends MongoRepository<PoliceAssuranceMongo, Integer> {
    List<PoliceAssuranceMongo> findByNom(String nom);
}

项目依赖 #

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>

修复步骤 #

1. 确保MongoDB配置类被Spring扫描 #

给MongoDBConfiguration添加@Configuration注解，让Spring识别这是一个配置类：

package fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.config.EnableMongoRepositories;

import fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb.PoliceAssuranceSpringDataMongoOrderRepository;

@Configuration
@EnableMongoRepositories(basePackageClasses = PoliceAssuranceSpringDataMongoOrderRepository.class)
public class MongoDBConfiguration {
}

如果配置类所在包不在主类的默认扫描范围内，还需在主类通过@ComponentScan指定该包路径。

2. 排查H2依赖导致的自动配置冲突 #

添加H2后，若Spring Boot自动配置出现优先级问题，可在application.properties中明确保留MongoDB自动配置：

# 若不需要自动配置默认数据源，可排除DataSourceAutoConfiguration
spring.autoconfigure.exclude=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration
# 启用MongoDB自动索引创建，确保配置生效
spring.data.mongodb.auto-index-creation=true

3. 验证MongoDB服务状态 #

确认本地MongoDB服务正在运行，端口27017可正常访问，认证信息与application.properties一致。若MongoDB未启动，Spring会跳过MongoDB仓库初始化。可开启DEBUG日志查看连接详情：

logging.level.org.springframework.data.mongodb=DEBUG

4. 调整主类注解 #

若主类使用@SpringBootApplication但额外指定了JPA仓库扫描，需同时明确MongoDB仓库的扫描范围：

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableMongoRepositories(basePackages = "fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.mongodb")
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "fr.tristan.demoassurance.infrastructure.repository.jpa") // 替换为实际JPA仓库包路径
public class DemoAssuranceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoAssuranceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tristan