安装wxPython时attrdict已安装却提示找不到的问题求助

系统详情 #

• 设备：Raspberry Pi Model 4B - 4GB
• 操作系统：Debian 11 (Bullseye)
• 目标wxPython版本：PyPI上的4.2.0
• Python版本：源码编译的3.11.3

问题描述 #

在虚拟环境中安装wxPython 4.2.0时，明明已安装attrdict依赖，却提示找不到该模块。相关命令执行及报错信息如下：

(.venv) user@raspberrypi:~/Documents $ python --version
Python 3.11.3

(.venv) user@raspberrypi:~/Documents $ python -m pip freeze
attrdict==2.0.1
attrdict3==2.0.2
dbus-fast==1.86.0
pytz==2023.3
six==1.16.0
tzdata==2023.3

(.venv) user@raspberrypi:~/Documents $ python -m pip install wxPython
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting wxPython
  Using cached wxPython-4.2.0.tar.gz (71.0 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
 
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [23 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/home/user/Documents/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/home/user/Documents/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/home/user/Documents/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-fs9i9itq/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 341, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-fs9i9itq/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 323, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-fs9i9itq/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 488, in run_setup
          self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-fs9i9itq/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 338, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 27, in <module>
        File "/tmp/pip-install-6s5ym1hn/wxpython_0afd12e3eb4741b4854a998e85194d91/buildtools/config.py", line 30, in <module>
          from attrdict import AttrDict
      ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'attrdict'
      [end of output]
 
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

(.venv) user@raspberrypi:~/Documents $

原因 #

pip构建wheel包时默认会创建隔离的临时构建环境，该环境不会继承当前虚拟环境已安装的第三方包。因此即便你在虚拟环境中安装了attrdict，wxPython构建时的临时环境里仍缺少这个依赖，导致报错。

解决方法 #

方法1：跳过构建环境隔离 #

让pip直接使用当前虚拟环境的依赖构建wxPython，执行命令：

pip install wxPython --no-build-isolation

方法2：安装预编译包（推荐，避免编译耗时） #

树莓派编译wxPython耗时极长，piwheels提供了针对树莓派的预编译wxPython包，直接安装可跳过构建步骤：

pip install wxPython --only-binary :all:

你的pip配置已包含piwheels源，该命令会自动拉取对应预编译包。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者stackoverflowing321