执行yarn start -ssl时遇digital envelope routines::unsupported错误求助

问题重现 #

执行yarn start -ssl时触发以下错误，已尝试重新执行yarn install但问题未解决：

Generating browser application bundles (phase: building)...Error: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
    at new Hash (node:internal/crypto/hash:71:19)
    at Object.createHash (node:crypto:133:10)
    at BulkUpdateDecorator.hashFactory (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/util/createHash.js:145:18)
    at BulkUpdateDecorator.update (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/util/createHash.js:46:50)
    at OriginalSource.updateHash (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/node_modules/webpack-sources/lib/OriginalSource.js:104:8)
    at NormalModule._initBuildHash (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:868:17)
    at handleParseResult (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:934:10)
    at /Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:1026:4
    at processResult (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:743:11)
    at /Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:807:5
⠦ Generating browser application bundles (phase: building)...node:internal/crypto/hash:71
  this[kHandle] = new _Hash(algorithm, xofLen);
                  ^

Error: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
    at new Hash (node:internal/crypto/hash:71:19)
    at Object.createHash (node:crypto:133:10)
    at BulkUpdateDecorator.hashFactory (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/util/createHash.js:145:18)
    at BulkUpdateDecorator.update (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/util/createHash.js:46:50)
    at OriginalSource.updateHash (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/node_modules/webpack-sources/lib/OriginalSource.js:104:8)
    at NormalModule._initBuildHash (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:868:17)
    at handleParseResult (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:934:10)
    at /Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:1026:4
    at processResult (/Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:743:11)
    at /Users/abhijith/Downloads/2205/js-storefront/teststore/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModule.js:807:5 {
  opensslErrorStack: [ 'error:03000086:digital envelope routines::initialization error' ],
  library: 'digital envelope routines',
  reason: 'unsupported',
  code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_UNSUPPORTED'
}

Node.js v18.16.0
error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.

问题原因 #

Node.js 17及以上版本默认启用OpenSSL 3.0，而旧版Webpack（或其依赖）使用的MD4等哈希算法在OpenSSL 3.0中被标记为不安全算法，导致兼容性冲突。

解决方案 #

• 临时兼容方案：执行启动命令时添加环境变量，强制使用旧版算法兼容模式

  • Mac/Linux终端：

    NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider yarn start -ssl
    

  • Windows命令提示符：

    set NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider && yarn start -ssl
    

  • Windows PowerShell：

    $env:NODE_OPTIONS="--openssl-legacy-provider"; yarn start -ssl
    

• 永久配置方案：修改项目package.json的启动脚本，自动注入环境变量
  找到scripts中的start命令，修改为：

  {
    "scripts": {
      "start": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider yarn start -ssl"
      // 若项目使用react-scripts等工具，替换为对应启动命令，例如：
      // "start": "NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider react-scripts start -ssl"
    }
  }
  

  修改后直接执行yarn start即可。

• 升级依赖方案：升级Webpack到5.60.0及以上版本，该版本已适配OpenSSL 3.0

  yarn upgrade webpack@latest
  

  同时同步升级相关依赖（如webpack-cli、react-scripts等），确保版本兼容。

• 降级Node.js方案：将Node.js版本降级到16.x LTS版本（使用OpenSSL 1.1.1，无此兼容性问题）
  若使用nvm版本管理器：

  nvm install 16
  nvm use 16
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Abhijith Mohan