如何检测文本文件导入数组中字符串数据的实际类型？

我编写了一个函数，可借助辅助函数检查输入数据是否能转换为int或float，但无法检测从文本文件导入到数组中、以字符串格式存储的数据的类型，请问该如何检测文件中数据的类型？

现有数据处理函数 #

def inputData(txt, indexOfFile):  # function that inputs data in the file
    print("*" * 10, "What do you want to do?", "*" * 10)
    print(" 1. Work with existing data \n 2. Add new data \n 3. Delete data \n 4. Go back")
    # printTxtFile() #function that prints txt file, but rn it doesnt even matter
    #list(data) = txt
    indexOfOperation = int(input()) #Выбор действия - работа с сущ данными - добавить новые данные - удалить данные - вернуться в главное меню some russian or something
    
    if(indexOfFile == 1): # based on user input it will open one of 3 files
        filePath = "buildings.txt"
        types = [0, 1, 1, 1] #array that declare which datatypes are in this file in each columns: 0 is string, 1 is int, 2 is float
    elif(indexOfFile == 2):
        filePath = "apartments.txt"
        types = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
    elif(indexOfFile == 3): 
        filePath = "apartment owners.txt"
        types = [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
    else:
        filePath = "buildings.txt"
        types = [0, 1, 1, 1]
        
    with open(filePath, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        num_rows = len(txt) #number of columns
        num_columns = len(txt[0]) #number of rows (it's made strange, I know, but it is what it is)

        if indexOfOperation == 1: #this checks if we want to work with existing data
            print("Which row will you redact?")
            choise = int(input()) #entering number of the row
            printTxtFile(txt) #printing txt file

            for i in range(len(txt[choise - 1])):
                tmp = input("Enter your data: ").replace(' ', '_') #replacing spaces with underscores
                ok, k = check_type(tmp, types[i]) #ok checks if datatype was entered correctly, k is data
                while(not ok): #hard check
                    print("Must be a number! Reenter!")
                    tmp = input("Enter your data: ").replace(' ', '_')
                    ok, k = check_type(tmp, types[i])
                txt[choise][i] = k #entering data in the array

            for i in range(num_rows): #entering data from array to txt file
                for j in range(num_columns):
                    f.writelines(str(txt[i][j]) + "  ")
                if i != num_rows -1:
                    f.writelines("\n")

            f.close()

类型检查辅助函数 #

def str_to_int(s):
    try:
        k = int(s)
    except ValueError:
        ok = False
        k = 0
        #print('ValueError: не удалось преобразовать строку в float: ')
    else:
        ok = True
        #print('Успех, нет ошибок!')
    return ok, k

def str_to_float(s):
    try:
        k = float(s)
    except ValueError:
        ok = False
        k = 0
        #print('ValueError: не удалось преобразовать строку в float: ')
    else:
        ok = True
        #print('Успех, нет ошибок!')
    return ok, k
# 0 -str 1-int 2-float

def check_type(s, tp):
    k = 0
    ok = True
    if (tp == 0):
        return True, s
    if (tp == 1):
        return str_to_int(s)
    if (tp == 2):
        return str_to_float(s)  

解决方案 #

情况1：已知每列的类型（复用现有逻辑） #

你代码里已经定义了每个文件对应的列类型types数组，导入文件数据时，直接按列类型调用check_type函数转换即可。写一个加载文件的函数：

def load_file(file_path, types):
    data = []
    with open(file_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for line in f:
            # 分割每行数据，过滤空字符串
            row_str = [item.strip() for item in line.strip().split('  ') if item.strip()]
            row_converted = []
            for idx, s in enumerate(row_str):
                # 按预设列类型转换数据
                ok, val = check_type(s, types[idx])
                # 转换失败时可选择保留原字符串或自定义处理
                row_converted.append(val if ok else s)
            data.append(row_converted)
    return data

调用示例：

# 加载buildings.txt，使用对应列类型
buildings_data = load_file("buildings.txt", [0, 1, 1, 1])

情况2：未知列类型，自动检测 #

如果不清楚每列的预期类型，可以写自动检测逻辑：优先尝试转int，失败则转float，都不行就保留原字符串：

def auto_detect_type(s):
    # 先尝试转换为int
    ok, val = str_to_int(s)
    if ok:
        return val
    # 再尝试转换为float
    ok, val = str_to_float(s)
    if ok:
        return val
    # 都失败返回原字符串
    return s

# 自动检测类型加载文件
def load_file_auto_detect(file_path):
    data = []
    with open(file_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for line in f:
            row_str = [item.strip() for item in line.strip().split('  ') if item.strip()]
            row_converted = [auto_detect_type(item) for item in row_str]
            data.append(row_converted)
    return data

额外注意事项 #

• 你代码里num_rows和num_columns的注释写反了，len(txt)是行数，len(txt[0])是列数，建议修正避免混淆。
• 分割数据时用split(' ')可能因空格数量不一致出错，改用split()（默认分割任意空白字符）会更稳妥。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者21DP1EShak