Windows命令提示符中如何列出全部环境变量？

Great question! You’ve hit on a key quirk of Windows Command Prompt: the standard set command only displays persisted system/user environment variables stored in the process environment block. It doesn’t show the dynamic "pseudo-variables" that cmd.exe manages internally (like %CD%, %DATE%, %ERRORLEVEL%) because these aren’t true environment variables—they’re runtime values generated by the shell itself.

Here are two reliable ways to get a full list of all variables (both real and pseudo):

1. Combine set with Manual Pseudo-Variable Output (Cmd Only) #

If you need to stay within Command Prompt, you can create a simple batch script that merges the output of set with explicit calls to common pseudo-variables. This covers most dynamic values you might care about:

@echo off
REM List standard environment variables
echo === Standard Environment Variables ===
set
echo.
REM List cmd.exe pseudo-variables
echo === Cmd Pseudo-Variables ===
echo CD=%CD%
echo DATE=%DATE%
echo TIME=%TIME%
echo ERRORLEVEL=%ERRORLEVEL%
echo RANDOM=%RANDOM%
echo CMDCMDLINE=%CMDCMDLINE%
echo CMDEXTVERSION=%CMDEXTVERSION%
echo NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS=%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%
echo OS=%OS%
echo PATHEXT=%PATHEXT%
echo PROMPT=%PROMPT%
echo SYSTEMDRIVE=%SYSTEMDRIVE%
echo SYSTEMROOT=%SYSTEMROOT%
echo USERDOMAIN=%USERDOMAIN%
echo USERNAME=%USERNAME%
echo USERPROFILE=%USERPROFILE%

Save this as list-all-vars.bat, run it in cmd, and you’ll get a combined list of both types of variables.

2. Use PowerShell for a More Comprehensive View #

PowerShell makes this much easier, as it can natively access both environment variables and its own set of automatic variables (which cover the same use cases as cmd’s pseudo-variables):

• To list all system/user environment variables (equivalent to set, with cleaner formatting):

  Get-ChildItem Env:
  

• To list all PowerShell automatic variables (including dynamic values like current path, date, error level, etc.):

  Get-Variable
  

If you want a unified list, you can combine these outputs with a simple pipeline—just note that some variable names might overlap (e.g., PowerShell’s $PWD is the equivalent of cmd’s %CD%).

Why set Doesn’t Show %CD% #

Just to clarify: %CD% isn’t stored in the process’s environment block—it’s a value cmd.exe calculates on the fly whenever you reference it. Since set only reads from the environment block, it can’t display these dynamic pseudo-variables.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LoveBug