使用Spring RestTemplate调用weather.gov API遇403 Forbidden问题求助

使用Spring的RestTemplate调用weather.gov的API获取JSON数据，已添加User-Agent请求头，但仍返回403 Forbidden错误。

代码 #

@RequestMapping(value = "/api/v1/forecast", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<ReturnMessage> getForecast(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> params, ModelMap model) {    
    final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ForecastController.class);
    ReturnMessage message = new ReturnMessage();
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();     
    String url = "https://api.golde.gov";
    System.out.println("loggg=======");
    LOGGER.info("link part " + url);        
    HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(jsonObject.toString(), headers);
    String result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, entity, String.class);
    System.out.println(result);
    return ResponseEntity.ok(message);
}

异常堆栈信息 #

org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException$Forbidden: 403 Forbidden: "<HTML><HEAD><EOL><TITLE>Access Denied</TITLE><EOL></HEAD><BODY><EOL><H1>Access Denied</H1><EOL> <EOL>You don't have permission to access "http&#58;&#47;&#47;api&#46;weather&#46;gov&#47;gridpoints&#47;OKX&#47;33&#44;35&#47;forecast" on this server.<P><EOL>Reference&#32;&#35;18&#46;177c2117&#46;1685609346&#46;4b1d971<EOL></BODY><EOL></HTML><EOL>"
at org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException.create(HttpClientErrorException.java:109) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at org.springframework.web.client.DefaultResponseErrorHandler.handleError(DefaultResponseErrorHandler.java:183) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at org.springframework.web.client.DefaultResponseErrorHandler.handleError(DefaultResponseErrorHandler.java:137) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at org.springframework.web.client.ResponseErrorHandler.handleError(ResponseErrorHandler.java:63) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.handleResponse(RestTemplate.java:915) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.doExecute(RestTemplate.java:864) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.execute(RestTemplate.java:764) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.postForObject(RestTemplate.java:481) ~[spring-web-6.0.9.jar:6.0.9]
at com.forecast.veriserve.controller.ForecastController.getForecast(ForecastController.java:105) ~[classes/:na]

针对你的问题，结合代码和weather.gov的API规则，需要修复以下几个关键点：

• 修正API地址：代码中url拼写错误，正确地址应为https://api.weather.gov，结合异常信息里的目标接口，完整URL是https://api.weather.gov/gridpoints/OKX/33,35/forecast。

• 使用正确的请求方法：weather.gov的预报接口为GET请求，你当前用postForObject()发送POST请求，不符合接口要求，应改用exchange()或getForObject()发送GET请求。

• 完善请求头配置：weather.gov要求User-Agent必须包含联系方式（如邮箱），同时建议指定Accept头明确接收JSON格式数据，示例配置：

  HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
  headers.set("User-Agent", "你的应用名称/版本 (你的联系邮箱)");
  headers.set("Accept", "application/geo+json");
  

• 配置RestTemplate处理重定向：部分weather.gov接口会返回3xx重定向，默认RestTemplate可能无法正确处理，可通过引入Apache HttpClient来配置自动重定向：

  RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory());
  

  需添加依赖：org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient

• 移除不必要的请求体：当前接口为GET请求，不需要请求体，应构造无请求体的HttpEntity：new HttpEntity<>(headers)

修正后的示例代码：

@RequestMapping(value = "/api/v1/forecast", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<ReturnMessage> getForecast(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> params, ModelMap model) {    
    final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ForecastController.class);
    ReturnMessage message = new ReturnMessage();
    
    // 配置支持重定向的RestTemplate
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory());
    
    // 正确的API请求地址
    String url = "https://api.weather.gov/gridpoints/OKX/33,35/forecast";
    LOGGER.info("请求地址: " + url);        
    
    // 配置符合要求的请求头
    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
    headers.set("User-Agent", "MyForecastApp/1.0 (myemail@example.com)");
    headers.set("Accept", "application/geo+json");
    HttpEntity<Void> entity = new HttpEntity<>(headers);
    
    // 发送GET请求并获取响应
    String result = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class).getBody();
    System.out.println(result);
    
    // 处理返回结果并封装到message中
    // ...
    
    return ResponseEntity.ok(message);
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Khanh Luong Van