删除@OneToMany关联父实体时Hibernate Envers向子审计表插入空ID

问题核心原因是BatchTechnicalRecord实体对中间表的双重映射：你既通过@OneToMany + @JoinTable让Hibernate自动管理batch_technical_record_attachment表，又手动创建了BatchTechnicalRecordAttachment实体映射同一张表。这种冲突导致Envers在处理级联删除的审计日志时，无法正确获取中间表记录的ID，触发空值约束错误。

解决方案步骤 #

1. 替换BatchTechnicalRecord的关联配置 #

删除BatchTechnicalRecord中自动管理中间表的@OneToMany + @JoinTable代码，改为关联手动定义的中间表实体：

@Audited
@Entity
@Table(name = "batch_technical_record")
public class BatchTechnicalRecord extends BaseEntity implements Serializable {

    // 替换原attachments关联，改为关联中间表实体
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "batchTechnicalRecord", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private List<BatchTechnicalRecordAttachment> attachmentRelations;
    ...
}

2. 修正BatchTechnicalRecordAttachment的关联配置 #

确认中间表实体的关联配置无误，同时修正原foreignKey名称的重复错误：

@Audited
@Entity
@Table(name = "batch_technical_record_attachment")
public class BatchTechnicalRecordAttachment extends BaseEntity implements Serializable {

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumn(name = "id_attachment", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false, foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "fk_batch_technical_record_attachment_attachment"))
    private Attachment attachment;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "id_batch_technical_record", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false, foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "fk_batch_technical_record_attachment_batch_technical_record"))
    private BatchTechnicalRecord batchTechnicalRecord;
    ...
}

3. 调整业务代码的关联操作 #

如果之前直接操作BatchTechnicalRecord.attachments，现在需要改为通过中间实体关联Attachment：

// 示例：添加Attachment到BatchTechnicalRecord
BatchTechnicalRecord record = ...;
Attachment attachment = ...;

BatchTechnicalRecordAttachment relation = new BatchTechnicalRecordAttachment();
relation.setBatchTechnicalRecord(record);
relation.setAttachment(attachment);

record.getAttachmentRelations().add(relation);

4. 验证审计表结构 #

确保batch_technical_record_attachment_aud表的id字段非空约束正常，且ID生成策略与主表（继承自BaseEntity）一致。

原理说明 #

同时使用自动生成的中间表关联和手动实体映射时，Hibernate Envers无法正确跟踪中间表的变更逻辑：两种关联方式的审计规则冲突，导致删除操作时Envers无法获取中间表实体的ID，最终触发空值插入错误。统一使用实体类管理中间表后，Envers能正常跟踪其生命周期，正确生成审计日志。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pedro Vitor