无法安装R语言psych包的问题及已尝试方案求助

错误详情 #

执行install.packages("psych")时返回以下错误：

install.packages("psych")
WARNING: Rtools is required to build R packages but no version of Rtools compatible with the currently running version of R was found. Note that the following incompatible version(s) of Rtools were found:

  - Rtools 3.2 (installed at c:\Rtools)

Please download and install the appropriate version of Rtools before proceeding:

https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/Rtools/

  There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
      binary source needs_compilation
psych  2.1.3  2.3.3             FALSE

installing the source package ‘psych’

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/psych_2.3.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1588126 bytes (1.5 MB)
downloaded 1.5 MB

* installing *source* package 'psych' ...
** package 'psych' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** R
** data
*** moving datasets to lazyload DB
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(j <- i[[1L]], c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[j]]) : 
  there is no package called 'tmvnsim'
Calls: <Anonymous> ... loadNamespace -> withRestarts -> withOneRestart -> doWithOneRestart
Execution halted
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'psych'
* removing 'C:/Users/the.user/Documents/R/R-3.6.2/library/psych'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘psych’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘C:\Users\the.user\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmpm0Zlci\downloaded_packages’

调用library(psych)时的错误：

Error in library(psych) : there is no package called 'psych'

已尝试操作 #

• 安装并运行Rtools33.exe、Rtools32.exe
• 清理R环境，重启R会话
• 退出并重启RStudio程序

系统与R版本信息 #

• 操作系统：Windows 10 Enterprise 64位（x64处理器）
• R版本信息：

$platform
[1] "i386-w64-mingw32"

$arch
[1] "i386"

$os
[1] "mingw32"

$system
[1] "i386, mingw32"

$status
[1] ""

$major
[1] "3"

$minor
[1] "6.2"

$year
[1] "2019"

$month
[1] "12"

$day
[1] "12"

$`svn rev`
[1] "77560"

$language
[1] "R"

$version.string
[1] "R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)"

$nickname
[1] "Dark and Stormy Night"

解决步骤 #

1. 先安装依赖包tmvnsim
   错误日志明确提示缺少tmvnsim包，先手动安装：

   install.packages("tmvnsim")
   

   安装完成后再尝试安装psych：

   install.packages("psych")
   

2. 匹配Rtools版本
   R 3.6.x对应的Rtools版本是Rtools35，卸载已安装的Rtools32/33，安装对应版本的Rtools，安装时勾选“Add Rtools to system PATH”选项。

3. 优先安装二进制包
   由于R版本较老，直接指定安装二进制版本的包，避免编译源码：

   install.packages("psych", type = "binary")
   install.packages("ggplot2", type = "binary")
   

4. 检查R架构与系统匹配
   当前系统是64位，但R是32位版本（arch显示i386），可考虑安装64位的R 3.6.x版本，避免架构不兼容问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Josh Strauss