Selenium中driver.get()无法在Chrome浏览器打开URL问题求助

我在Eclipse 2023中使用Selenium 4.0.0编写自动化测试代码，ChromeDriver版本为114.0.5735.90，Chrome浏览器版本为114.0.5735.110。执行代码时driver.get("https://www.google.com/")无法在Chrome浏览器中打开指定URL，已尝试重启Chrome浏览器、重装ChromeDriver，问题仍未解决。

测试代码 #

package selintro;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class Selenium_1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
        //System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
    }
}

控制台报错信息 #

Starting ChromeDriver 114.0.5735.90 (386bc09e8f4f2e025eddae123f36f6263096ae49-refs/branch-heads/5735@{#1052}) on port 57431
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
Jun 06, 2023 3:31:06 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: W3C
Jun 06, 2023 3:31:06 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.WebSocket$Listener onError
WARNING: Invalid Status code=403 text=Forbidden
java.io.IOException: Invalid Status code=403 text=Forbidden
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.WebSocketHandler.abort(WebSocketHandler.java:92)
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.WebSocketHandler.handleRead(WebSocketHandler.java:118)
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.AsyncHttpClientHandler.channelRead(AsyncHttpClientHandler.java:78)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:379)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:357)
    at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler$DelegatingChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:436)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:324)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:311)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:432)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:276)
    at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.channelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:251)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:379)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:357)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1410)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:379)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:365)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:919)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:166)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:719)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:655)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:581)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:493)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:986)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.ConnectionFailedException: Unable to establish websocket connection to http://localhost:51680/devtools/browser/72198e08-28d7-4143-828d-2af82a95767a
Build info: version: '4.0.0', revision: '3a21814679'
System info: host: 'DESKTOP-B2S003C', ip: '192.168.1.5', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '17.0.7'
Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyWebSocket.<init>(NettyWebSocket.java:104)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyWebSocket.lambda$create$3(NettyWebSocket.java:137)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyClient.openSocket(NettyClient.java:127)
    at org.openqa.selenium.devtools.Connection.<init>(Connection.java:77)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.lambda$new$2(ChromiumDriver.java:124)
    at java.base/java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:260)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.<init>(ChromiumDriver.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:104)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:91)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:46)
    at selintro.Selenium_1.main(Selenium_1.java:15)

解决方案 #

• 升级Selenium版本：Selenium 4.0.0存在WebSocket兼容性问题，升级到4.8.0及以上稳定版，新版本修复了与ChromeDriver 114+的适配问题。
• 使用WebDriverManager管理驱动：手动指定驱动路径易出错，用WebDriverManager自动匹配对应版本的ChromeDriver，避免版本或路径问题。修改代码如下：

  package selintro;
  
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
  import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
  
  public class Selenium_1 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
          WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
          driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
          // 建议添加退出操作，避免驱动进程残留
          // driver.quit();
      }
  }
  

  需先添加Maven依赖：

  <dependency>
      <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
      <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.2</version>
  </dependency>
  

• 添加ChromeOptions参数绕过安全限制：若本地安全策略阻止WebSocket连接，可添加启动参数：

  package selintro;
  
  import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
  
  public class Selenium_1 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\chromedriver.exe");
          ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
          options.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
          options.addArguments("--disable-web-security");
          WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
          driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
      }
  }
  

• 检查代理设置：若本地使用代理，需在代码中配置对应代理，或关闭代理后重试。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hamsa veni