如何实现地址中单/双词郊区的字典匹配替换？

需求说明 #

需要替换地址行中的单/双词郊区，将字典中的键与地址行内容匹配后，替换为对应的字典值。示例如下：
输入：

32 Konini Street Eastbourne Retired
6 Moana Road Days Bay Retailer

期望输出：

32 Konini Street _Eastbourne Retired
6 Moana Road _Days_Bay Retailer

现有代码 #

# Parsing words of line for single/double word dictionary key 
# replacing found instances with underscore version
lines = ['6 Moana Road Days Bay Retailer','32 Konini Street Eastbourne Retired'] 
sampleDictionary = {"Days Bay":"_Days_Bay","Eastbourne":"_Eastbourne"}
newString = ''
doubleWordLists = []



for i in range(len(lines)):
    line = lines[i] 
    splits = line.split(' ')

    # Unused block
    for j in range(len(splits)):
        if j + 1 < len(splits):
            doubleWord = splits[j] + ' ' + splits[j + 1]
            doubleWordLists.append(doubleWord)
    
    # Compare a token with dictionary. If no match compare that token and next. 
    # Add appropriate token(s) to new string 
    for j in range(len(splits)):

        if splits[j] != '\d':
            for key in sampleDictionary:
                value = sampleDictionary[key]
                
            if key == splits[j]:
                newString += value + ' '
            else:
                #if key == doubleWordLists[j]:
                #   newString += value + ' '              
                newString += splits[j] + ' '
        else:
            newString += splits[j] + ' '

print(newString)

现有输出 #

6 Moana Road Days Bay Retailer 32 Konini Street _Eastbourne Retired

问题描述 #

我尝试用doubleWordLists匹配并替换字符串中的双词郊区（见注释代码），但没法在splits[j]的索引范围内完成操作。当前核心问题是：如何实现双词字典键的匹配，并把对应字典值正确替换到字符串的对应位置？

解决方案 #

你的代码存在两个核心问题：一是字典遍历逻辑错误，循环结束后key只会保留最后一个字典键；二是双词匹配时没有处理索引跳转，导致无法跳过已匹配的第二个单词。以下是修正后的实现思路和代码：

1. 优先匹配长键：将字典键按拆分后的单词数量从多到少排序，优先匹配双词，避免单词匹配干扰双词的完整匹配
2. 灵活控制索引：使用while循环遍历拆分后的单词列表，匹配到双词时直接跳过下一个索引，避免重复处理
3. 逐行独立处理：每一行处理完成后单独输出，避免所有行内容混在一个字符串中

修正后的代码 #

lines = ['6 Moana Road Days Bay Retailer','32 Konini Street Eastbourne Retired'] 
sampleDictionary = {"Days Bay":"_Days_Bay","Eastbourne":"_Eastbourne"}

# 按键的单词数量降序排序，优先匹配双词
sorted_keys = sorted(sampleDictionary.keys(), key=lambda k: len(k.split()), reverse=True)

for line in lines:
    word_list = line.split(' ')
    result = []
    index = 0
    while index < len(word_list):
        # 尝试匹配当前及下一个单词组成的双词
        if index + 1 < len(word_list):
            current_double_word = f"{word_list[index]} {word_list[index+1]}"
            if current_double_word in sampleDictionary:
                result.append(sampleDictionary[current_double_word])
                index += 2  # 跳过下一个单词，已匹配双词
                continue
        # 匹配单词
        current_single_word = word_list[index]
        if current_single_word in sampleDictionary:
            result.append(sampleDictionary[current_single_word])
        else:
            result.append(current_single_word)
        index += 1
    # 拼接结果并打印
    print(' '.join(result))

运行结果 #

6 Moana Road _Days_Bay Retailer
32 Konini Street _Eastbourne Retired

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dave