如何在AWS Amazon Linux 2023的EC2实例中安装PostGIS扩展

问题背景 #

我正在运行Amazon Linux 2023（AL2023）的AWS EC2实例上，尝试为PostgreSQL 15安装PostGIS扩展。之前在Amazon Linux 2上使用的方法在新版本中失效了——因为AL2023不再包含extras组件，原本用来安装扩展的amazon-linux-extras命令已经无法使用，这点已通过AWS官方FAQ确认。

我知道AWS RDS自带PostGIS，但当前需求不需要额外服务器，只希望单个EC2实例同时运行应用和数据库。另外我猜测Redhat/CentOS系列的部分仓库可能支持安装，但还没找到安全可靠的相关信息。

附上yum search post*的输出作为参考：

$ yum search post*
Last metadata expiration check: 2:05:28 ago on Fri Jun  9 20:36:37 2023.
=========================================== Name & Summary Matched: post* ============================================
postfix.x86_64 : Postfix Mail Transport Agent
postfix-cdb.x86_64 : Postfix CDB map support
postfix-ldap.x86_64 : Postfix LDAP map support
postfix-lmdb.x86_64 : Postfix LDMB map support
postfix-mysql.x86_64 : Postfix MySQL map support
postfix-pcre.x86_64 : Postfix PCRE map support
postfix-perl-scripts.x86_64 : Postfix utilities written in perl
postfix-pgsql.x86_64 : Postfix PostgreSQL map support
postfix-sqlite.x86_64 : Postfix SQLite map support
postgresql15.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs
postgresql15-private-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files for this build of PostgreSQL server
postgresql15-server-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries
================================================ Name Matched: post* =================================================
postgresql15-contrib.x86_64 : Extension modules distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql15-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-plpython3.x86_64 : The Python3 procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL
postgresql15-private-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required only for this build of PostgreSQL server
postgresql15-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server
postgresql15-static.x86_64 : Statically linked PostgreSQL libraries
postgresql15-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL
postgresql15-test-rpm-macros.noarch : Convenience RPM macros for build-time testing against PostgreSQL server
postgresql15-upgrade.x86_64 : Support for upgrading from the previous major release of PostgreSQL
postgresql15-upgrade-devel.x86_64 : Support for build of extensions required for upgrade process
=============================================== Summary Matched: post* ===============================================
collectd-postgresql.x86_64 : PostgreSQL plugin for collectd
dovecot-pgsql.x86_64 : Postgres SQL back end for dovecot
libpq.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client library
perl-Module-Package.noarch : Postmodern Perl Module Packaging
perl-autouse.noarch : Postpone load of modules until a function is used
psutils.noarch : PostScript utilities
python3-dnf-plugin-post-transaction-actions.noarch : Post transaction actions Plugin for DNF
t1lib.x86_64 : PostScript Type 1 font rasterizer
texlive-esstix.noarch : PostScript versions of the ESSTIX, with macro support
texlive-pspicture.noarch : PostScript picture support
texlive-pstricks.noarch : PostScript macros for TeX

解决方案 #

方法1：通过EPEL仓库安装（推荐）

AL2023兼容RHEL的包生态，EPEL仓库提供了适配PostgreSQL 15的PostGIS预编译包，操作步骤如下：

1. 安装EPEL仓库配置：

sudo dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm

2. 安装PostGIS 3.x（对应PostgreSQL 15）：

sudo dnf install postgis30_15 postgis30_15-client

3. 启用并验证扩展：
   登录PostgreSQL数据库：

psql -U your_username -d your_database

执行以下SQL启用扩展：

CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology; -- 可选，若需拓扑功能

验证安装成功：

SELECT postgis_version();

方法2：从源码编译安装

如果EPEL包无法满足需求，可选择源码编译：

1. 安装编译依赖：

sudo dnf install postgresql15-server-devel gcc make gdal-devel geos-devel proj-devel json-c-devel

2. 下载并解压PostGIS源码（以3.3.4版本为例，兼容PostgreSQL 15）：

wget https://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/postgis-3.3.4.tar.gz
tar xzf postgis-3.3.4.tar.gz
cd postgis-3.3.4

3. 配置、编译并安装：

./configure --with-pgconfig=/usr/pgsql-15/bin/pg_config
make
sudo make install

4. 同样进入PostgreSQL命令行执行扩展启用命令即可。

注意事项 #

• 使用EPEL仓库前，建议先更新系统包：sudo dnf update，避免依赖冲突。
• 源码编译安装后，后续PostgreSQL或系统版本更新时，可能需要重新编译PostGIS以保证兼容性。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Augusto Sisa