PHP Telegram Bot调用sendMessage时键盘不显示问题求助

问题现象 #

通过PHP向Telegram Bot API发送消息请求，服务器返回发送成功，但聊天窗口仅显示文本Work in progress...，配置的Reply Keyboard或Inline Keyboard完全不显示。

现有参数与代码 #

打印的参数数组 #

Array
(
    [chat_id] => (omitted)
    [text] => Work in progress...
    [reply_markup] => Array
        (
            [keyboard] => Array
                (
                    [0] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => Array
                                (
                                    [text] => btn
                                )

                        )

                )

        )

)

请求发送核心代码 #

//...
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($this->arguments));
//...
$result = curl_exec($ch);

补充完整代码 #

Message类示例 #

class Message extends Type {

private $message_id;
/* ... */
/* constructor, getters, setters... */
}

抽象Method类 #

abstract class Method {
        private $methodUrl = "https://api.telegram.org/bot"; 
        private $method;
        private $arguments = array();
        private $response;

    private function extractFields($container, $refclassmethods = null) {
            $iteratingOnMethod = !is_null($refclassmethods);
            if (is_object($container)) {
                $methods = get_class_methods($container);
                foreach ($methods as $method) {
                    if (is_getter($method) && !is_null($container->$method()) &&
                            (!$iteratingOnMethod || in_array($method, $refclassmethods))
                    ) {
                        $varname = lcfirst(str_replace("get", "", $method));
                        $val = $container->$method();
                        $ret[$varname] = $this->extractFields($val);
                    }
                }
            } elseif (is_array($container)) {
                foreach ($container as $content) {
                    $ret[] = $this->extractFields($content);
                }
            } else /* it is a "final", atomic value (int, string et similia) */ {
                return $container;
            }
            return $ret;
        }
    
    public function execute() {
    
            $refclass = new ReflectionClass($this::class);
            $this->method = $refclass->getShortName();        
            $this->arguments = ($this->extractFields($this, filterRefClassMethods($refclass)));                
            $this->methodUrl .= API_TOKEN . "/" . $this->method . "?";        
            $ch = curl_init();        
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $this->methodUrl);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($this->arguments));
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    
            $result = curl_exec($ch); 
    
            curl_close($ch);           
        
        }

function is_getter(string $method): string {
    return str_starts_with($method, "get");
}

function filterRefClassMethods($refclass) {
    $methods = [];
    foreach ($refclass->getMethods() as $method) {
        if ($method->class === $refclass->getName()) {
            $methods[] = $method->name;
        }
    }
    return $methods;
}

sendMessage类 #

class sendMessage extends Method {

protected $chat_id;
protected $message_thread_id;
protected $text;
/* ... */
/* getters and setters... */

}

问题原因 #

1. API参数格式不匹配：Telegram API要求reply_markup必须是JSON格式字符串，但当前用http_build_query()将PHP数组直接编码为URL格式（如reply_markup[keyboard][0][0][text]=btn），这种格式无法被API正确解析为键盘结构。
2. 请求方式局限性：使用application/x-www-form-urlencoded格式传递复杂嵌套参数时，容易出现解析异常，官方更推荐用application/json格式发送完整请求体。

解决方案 #

方案一：单独转换reply_markup为JSON（兼容现有请求格式） #

在生成参数数组后，单独对reply_markup进行JSON编码：

public function execute() {
    $refclass = new ReflectionClass($this::class);
    $this->method = $refclass->getShortName();        
    $this->arguments = ($this->extractFields($this, filterRefClassMethods($refclass)));

    // 新增：将reply_markup转为JSON字符串
    if (isset($this->arguments['reply_markup'])) {
        $this->arguments['reply_markup'] = json_encode($this->arguments['reply_markup']);
    }

    $this->methodUrl .= API_TOKEN . "/" . $this->method . "?";        
    $ch = curl_init();        
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $this->methodUrl);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($this->arguments));
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

    $result = curl_exec($ch); 

    curl_close($ch);           
}

方案二：改用JSON格式发送完整请求（官方推荐） #

直接将整个参数数组转为JSON，设置正确的请求头，避免嵌套参数解析问题：

public function execute() {
    $refclass = new ReflectionClass($this::class);
    $this->method = $refclass->getShortName();        
    $this->arguments = ($this->extractFields($this, filterRefClassMethods($refclass)));

    // 修改URL：移除末尾的?，参数将放在POST体中
    $this->methodUrl .= API_TOKEN . "/" . $this->method;        
    $ch = curl_init();        
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $this->methodUrl);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
    // 发送JSON格式的请求体
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($this->arguments));
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    // 设置正确的Content-Type头
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, [
        'Content-Type: application/json'
    ]);

    $result = curl_exec($ch); 

    curl_close($ch);           
}

额外检查：键盘结构正确性 #

确保键盘结构符合官方规范，示例如下：

// Reply Keyboard 正确结构示例
$reply_markup = [
    'keyboard' => [
        ['按钮1', '按钮2'], // 一行两个按钮
        ['按钮3'] // 一行一个按钮
    ],
    'resize_keyboard' => true, // 可选：让键盘适配屏幕大小
    'one_time_keyboard' => true // 可选：点击后自动隐藏键盘
];

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者G. Ianni