升级cordova-android 12后构建失败：minSdkVersion版本冲突求助

升级Cordova-Android到12版本后，即便在config.xml中设置了android-minSdkVersion=24，构建仍提示minSdkVersion 19低于依赖库要求的21，大概率是配置被某个环节覆盖，按以下步骤排查修复：

• 检查插件硬编码的minSdk配置
  部分Cordova插件（尤其是依赖androidx.core:core-splashscreen的启动页类插件）会在自身plugin.xml中强制设置minSdkVersion。遍历项目plugins目录下所有插件的plugin.xml，搜索<uses-sdk>或<preference name="android-minSdkVersion"标签，将其中低于21的数值改为24，或者直接升级该插件到适配Cordova-Android 12的最新版本。

• 临时修正Android平台build.gradle
  进入项目路径platforms/android/app/build.gradle，找到defaultConfig块，手动修改minSdkVersion为24：

  defaultConfig {
      minSdkVersion 24
      // 其他配置项...
  }
  

  注意：该修改会在移除并重新添加Android平台时被覆盖，建议仅作为临时方案，同时排查根源问题。

• 排查全局/项目级Gradle配置
  检查项目根目录的gradle.properties，或全局Gradle配置文件（通常在~/.gradle/gradle.properties），确认是否存在android.minSdkVersion这类全局配置项，若有则修改为24。

• 完善config.xml的Android平台配置
  Cordova-Android 12要求minSdkVersion至少为21，确保config.xml中Android平台配置完整，同时指定目标SDK版本：

  <platform name="android">
      <preference name="android-minSdkVersion" value="24" />
      <preference name="android-targetSdkVersion" value="33" />
      <!-- 其他平台配置... -->
  </platform>
  

• 清理缓存后彻底重建项目
  执行以下命令清理残留缓存并重新构建：

  cordova clean
  rm -rf platforms plugins
  cordova platform add android@12
  cordova plugin add 你的插件列表
  cordova build android
  

完整错误信息参考：

Task :app:processDebugMainManifest FAILED
C:\www\cordova\app\platforms\android\app\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml Error:
uses-sdk:minSdkVersion 19 cannot be smaller than version 21 declared in library [androidx.core:core-splashscreen:1.0.0]
C:\Users\user.gradle\caches\transforms-3\8fa35d5508191c4f9f8ca09de1273d1b\transformed\jetified-core-splashscreen-1.0.0\AndroidManifest.xml
as the library might be using APIs not available in 19
Suggestion: use a compatible library with a minSdk of at most 19, or increase this project's minSdk version to at least 21, or use tools:overrideLibrary="androidx.core.splashscreen" to force usage (may lead to runtime failures)

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

• What went wrong:
  Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugMainManifest'.

Manifest merger failed : uses-sdk:minSdkVersion 19 cannot be smaller than version 21 declared in library [androidx.core:core-splashscreen:1.0.0]
C:\Users\user.gradle\caches\transforms-3\8fa35d5508191c4f9f8ca09de1273d1b\transformed\jetified-core-splashscreen-1.0.0\AndroidManifest.xml
as the library might be using APIs not available in 19
Suggestion: use a compatible library with a minSdk of at most 19, or increase this project's minSdk version to at least 21, or use tools:overrideLibrary="androidx.core.splashscreen" to force usage (may lead to runtime failures)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者pjknight