SpringBoot+Selenium自动化测试中浏览器意外关闭及Connection reset问题求助

问题场景 #

基于Java+SpringBoot+Selenium搭建的自动化测试项目，启动初期运行正常，但测试执行中途浏览器会自行关闭，控制台抛出java.net.SocketException: Connection reset错误，JUnit定位错误发生在fillForm方法中。

控制台错误日志 #

2023-06-14T15:27:44.720-03:00 WARN 10544 --- [cHttpClient-1-4] o.a.netty.handler.WebSocketHandler : onError

java.net.SocketException: Connection reset
at java.base/sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.throwConnectionReset(SocketChannelImpl.java:394) ~[na:na]
at java.base/sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.read(SocketChannelImpl.java:426) ~[na:na]
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBuf.setBytes(PooledByteBuf.java:256) ~[netty-buffer-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBuf.writeBytes(AbstractByteBuf.java:1132) ~[netty-buffer-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel.doReadBytes(NioSocketChannel.java:357) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:151) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:788) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:724) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:650) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:562) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:997) ~[netty-common-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74) ~[netty-common-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30) ~[netty-common-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) ~[na:na]

2023-06-14T15:27:44.736-03:00 WARN 10544 --- [cHttpClient-1-4] o.openqa.selenium.remote.http.WebSocket : Connection reset

java.net.SocketException: Connection reset
at java.base/sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.throwConnectionReset(SocketChannelImpl.java:394) ~[na:na]
at java.base/sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.read(SocketChannelImpl.java:426) ~[na:na]
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBuf.setBytes(PooledByteBuf.java:256) ~[netty-buffer-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBuf.writeBytes(AbstractByteBuf.java:1132) ~[netty-buffer-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel.doReadBytes(NioSocketChannel.java:357) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:151) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:788) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:724) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:650) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:562) ~[netty-transport-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:997) ~[netty-common-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74) ~[netty-common-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30) ~[netty-common-4.1.92.Final.jar:4.1.92.Final]
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) ~[na:na]

已尝试的无效操作 #

• 修改网络适配器IPv4配置指定首选DNS
• 执行命令：ipconfig /flushdns、ipconfig /release、ipconfig /renew、netsh winsock reset

出错代码片段 #

public void fillForm(String nombre, String email, String asunto, String mensaje) throws InterruptedException {
    WebElement nombreInput = driver.findElement(By.name("your-name"));  
    nombreInput.sendKeys(nombre);
    WebElement emailInput = driver.findElement(By.name("your-email"));
    emailInput.sendKeys(email);
    WebElement asuntoInput = driver.findElement(By.name("your-subject"));
    asuntoInput.sendKeys(asunto);
    WebElement mensajeInput = driver.findElement(By.name("your-message"));
    mensajeInput.sendKeys(mensaje);
}

排查与解决方案 #

1. 校验Selenium与浏览器驱动版本兼容性 #

Socket重置问题常因驱动与浏览器版本不匹配导致通信中断，需确认：

• ChromeDriver版本与本地Chrome浏览器大版本完全一致，小版本尽量匹配
• GeckoDriver（Firefox）或EdgeDriver同理，需与对应浏览器版本严格兼容

2. 替换为显式等待策略 #

当前代码直接调用findElement，若页面未完全加载就执行操作，易引发驱动与浏览器通信异常。修改为显式等待：

public void fillForm(String nombre, String email, String asunto, String mensaje) {
    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
    
    WebElement nombreInput = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.name("your-name")));
    nombreInput.sendKeys(nombre);
    
    WebElement emailInput = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.name("your-email")));
    emailInput.sendKeys(email);
    
    WebElement asuntoInput = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.name("your-subject")));
    asuntoInput.sendKeys(asunto);
    
    WebElement mensajeInput = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.name("your-message")));
    mensajeInput.sendKeys(mensaje);
}

3. 禁用WebSocket通信（临时 workaround） #

部分环境下Selenium的WebSocket通信易出现连接问题，可强制使用HTTP协议：

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
// 禁用WebSocket，改用HTTP通信
options.setCapability("se:options", Map.of("webSocketUrl", false));
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

4. 规范驱动进程生命周期管理 #

测试过程中驱动进程意外终止会导致浏览器关闭，需优化代码：

• 每个测试用例执行完毕后，调用driver.quit()而非driver.close()，确保彻底清理驱动进程
• 在SpringBoot环境中，将WebDriver配置为线程安全的单例或使用线程池管理，避免资源泄漏

5. 排查系统级网络限制 #

• 检查防火墙、杀毒软件是否拦截了Selenium驱动与浏览器的通信端口
• 尝试在无代理环境下运行测试，排除代理服务器中断连接的可能

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lucas Gümil