无法通过JDBC驱动连接Oracle XE：提示密码为空但实际非空

问题描述 #

使用JDBC驱动连接Oracle XE 21c时，报错ORA-01005: null password given; logon denied，但代码中明确设置了密码，SQL*Plus可正常通过该密码登录数据库。

环境信息 #

• JDBC驱动：ojdbc8-23.2.0.0.jar
• 数据库：Oracle XE 21c

Java代码 #

public class OracleConnect {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@//localhost:1521/XEPDB1";
        String user = "constantin";
        String password = "tiger";

        try {
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            System.out.println("Connected to the database.");

            Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM menagerie");

            while(rs.next()) {
                System.out.println(rs.getInt("id"));
            }

            rs.close();
            stmt.close();
            conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.out.println("Could not connect to the database.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

报错信息 #

Could not connect to the database.
java.sql.SQLException: ORA-01005: null password given; logon denied
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoer11.processError(T4CTTIoer11.java:702)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoer11.processError(T4CTTIoer11.java:603)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoer11.processError(T4CTTIoer11.java:598)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIfun.processError(T4CTTIfun.java:1710)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoauthenticate.processError(T4CTTIoauthenticate.java:819)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIfun.receive(T4CTTIfun.java:1041)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIfun.doRPC(T4CTTIfun.java:443)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoauthenticate.doOAUTH(T4CTTIoauthenticate.java:462)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoauthenticate.doOAUTHWithO5Logon(T4CTTIoauthenticate.java:1628)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoauthenticate.doOAUTH(T4CTTIoauthenticate.java:1375)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CTTIoauthenticate.doOAUTH(T4CTTIoauthenticate.java:1322)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection.authenticateWithPassword(T4CConnection.java:1500)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection.authenticateUserForLogon(T4CConnection.java:1443)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection.logon(T4CConnection.java:812)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.PhysicalConnection.connect(PhysicalConnection.java:1101)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CDriverExtension.getConnection(T4CDriverExtension.java:104)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver.connect(OracleDriver.java:837)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver.connect(OracleDriver.java:664)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:664)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:247)
at ca.menagerie.core.main.OracleConnect.main(OracleConnect.java:12)

数据库初始化步骤（SQL*Plus操作） #

SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jun 14 02:10:21 2023
Version 21.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: / as sysdba

Connected to:
Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0

SQL> select name from v$pdbs;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PDB$SEED
XEPDB1

SQL> connect sys/kryptonite@localhost:1521/XEPDB1 as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> create user constantin identified by tiger default tablespace users quota unlimited on users;

User created.

SQL> grant create session, create table to constantin;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> connect constantin/tiger@localhost:1521/XEPDB1;

Connected.

SQL> create table menagerie(id number);

Table created.

SQL> insert into menagerie values (1234);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from menagerie;
        ID
----------
      1234
SQL>

解决方案尝试 #

按以下步骤排查解决：

1. 确认驱动包正确引入

   • 检查项目classpath，确保ojdbc8-23.2.0.0.jar已正确添加，无其他版本Oracle JDBC驱动（如ojdbc7、ojdbc6）冲突。Maven项目可确认依赖配置：

     <dependency>
         <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
         <artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
         <version>23.2.0.0</version>
     </dependency>
     

   • IDE中需将驱动包标记为库文件，避免缺失报错。

2. 修改JDBC URL格式
   尝试将用户名和密码直接嵌入URL，排除参数传递异常：

   String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:constantin/tiger@//localhost:1521/XEPDB1";
   Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
   

3. 显式注册驱动
   在获取连接前手动注册Oracle驱动，避免DriverManager自动加载失败：

   try {
       Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver");
       Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
       // 后续代码
   } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
   }
   

4. 验证JDK版本兼容性
   ojdbc8要求JDK 8及以上版本，确认项目运行环境的JDK版本符合要求。

5. 检查数据库密码验证规则
   执行以下SQL查看用户密码验证配置，若存在自定义验证函数，可暂时改为默认无验证后重试：

   SELECT profile, resource_name, limit FROM dba_profiles WHERE resource_name = 'PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Newbie Guest