使用JavaScript调用Graph API遇await语法错误及Promise Pending问题求助

问题描述 #

1. 使用await时触发语法错误：

SyntaxError: await is only valid in async functions and the top level bodies of modules
    at internalCompileFunction (node:internal/vm:73:18)
    at wrapSafe (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1176:20)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1218:27)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1308:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1117:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:958:12)
    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (node:internal/modules/run_main:81:12)
    at node:internal/main/run_main_module:23:47

原代码：

const {
    Client
} = require("@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client");
const {
    TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider
} = require("@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client/authProviders/azureTokenCredentials");
const {
    ClientSecretCredential
} = require("@azure/identity");

const credential = new ClientSecretCredential(tenantId, clientId, clientSecret);
const authProvider = new TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider(credential, {
    scopes: ["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"]
});

const client = Client.initWithMiddleware({
    debugLogging: true,
    authProvider
    // Use the authProvider object to create the class.
});

let user = await client.api('/users/72b2bde1-9b18-4451-8aa0-f61da82426c2')
    .select('displayName')
    .get();

console.log(user);

2. 移除await后出现Promise未决：

PS C:\TenantVerse> node .\ConnectGraph.js
Promise { <pending> }

解决方案 #

方法一：将代码包裹在async函数中执行 #

Node.js默认的CommonJS模块不支持顶层await，需把Graph API调用逻辑放到async函数内执行：

const {
    Client
} = require("@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client");
const {
    TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider
} = require("@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client/authProviders/azureTokenCredentials");
const {
    ClientSecretCredential
} = require("@azure/identity");

async function getUser() {
    const credential = new ClientSecretCredential(tenantId, clientId, clientSecret);
    const authProvider = new TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider(credential, {
        scopes: ["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"]
    });

    const client = Client.initWithMiddleware({
        debugLogging: true,
        authProvider
    });

    let user = await client.api('/users/72b2bde1-9b18-4451-8aa0-f61da82426c2')
        .select('displayName')
        .get();

    console.log(user);
}

// 执行async函数并捕获异常
getUser().catch(err => console.error('调用失败:', err));

方法二：改用ES模块支持顶层await #

若想直接使用顶层await，可通过两种方式切换为ES模块：

• 将文件后缀改为.mjs
• 在项目根目录的package.json中添加"type": "module"

修改后的代码（无需包裹函数）：

import { Client } from "@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client";
import { TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider } from "@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client/authProviders/azureTokenCredentials";
import { ClientSecretCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new ClientSecretCredential(tenantId, clientId, clientSecret);
const authProvider = new TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider(credential, {
    scopes: ["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"]
});

const client = Client.initWithMiddleware({
    debugLogging: true,
    authProvider
});

let user = await client.api('/users/72b2bde1-9b18-4451-8aa0-f61da82426c2')
    .select('displayName')
    .get();

console.log(user);

方法三：使用Promise的then/catch处理（兼容旧环境） #

不想用async/await的话，可通过then方法处理Promise结果：

const {
    Client
} = require("@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client");
const {
    TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider
} = require("@microsoft/microsoft-graph-client/authProviders/azureTokenCredentials");
const {
    ClientSecretCredential
} = require("@azure/identity");

const credential = new ClientSecretCredential(tenantId, clientId, clientSecret);
const authProvider = new TokenCredentialAuthenticationProvider(credential, {
    scopes: ["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"]
});

const client = Client.initWithMiddleware({
    debugLogging: true,
    authProvider
});

client.api('/users/72b2bde1-9b18-4451-8aa0-f61da82426c2')
    .select('displayName')
    .get()
    .then(user => console.log(user))
    .catch(err => console.error('调用失败:', err));

关键说明 #

• 错误本质：CommonJS模块不支持顶层await，await仅能在async函数内部使用；移除await后，client.api().get()返回的是未决议的Promise对象，直接打印会显示<pending>。
• 推荐优先使用方法一或方法二，async/await写法更清晰易读。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者CompileErr