安装spidev时wheel构建失败报错，已尝试多种方法仍未解决

核心问题 #

spidev是专为Linux系统开发的SPI总线访问库，Windows系统原生不支持SPI设备操作——这才是导致构建失败的根本原因。即便你安装了符合要求的VC++编译工具，也无法在Windows上正常构建和使用spidev。

可行解决方案 #

方案1：使用WSL2（推荐） #

WSL2提供完整的Linux环境，支持SPI硬件访问：

• 开启Windows的WSL功能，安装Ubuntu等Linux发行版
• 在WSL中安装Python和pip：sudo apt update && sudo apt install python3 python3-pip
• 直接安装依赖：pip3 install mcp3008==1.0.0
• 确保Windows设备已启用SPI硬件，并且WSL能识别到对应的SPI设备（可能需要额外配置硬件权限）

方案2：改用Windows兼容的MCP3008驱动库 #

放弃依赖spidev，使用支持Windows的第三方库，比如Adafruit的CircuitPython驱动：

• 安装库：pip install adafruit-circuitpython-mcp3xxx
• 该库支持通过GPIO模拟SPI或硬件SPI（如果你的Windows设备支持），无需依赖spidev

关于VC++编译工具的补充说明 #

如果一定要尝试编译（不推荐，因为平台不兼容），需确保安装VC++ Build Tools时勾选了**Desktop development with C++**组件，包含MSVC编译器、Windows SDK等核心模块，而不是仅安装Visual Studio IDE。但即便完成这些，spidev依然无法在Windows上正常工作。

原报错日志 #

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Thonny\python.exe" -m pip --disable-pip-version-check --no-color install --no-warn-script-location --user --user --upgrade mcp3008==1.0.0
Collecting mcp3008==1.0.0
  Using cached mcp3008-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Collecting spidev
  Using cached spidev-3.6.tar.gz (11 kB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
  Getting requirements to build wheel: started
  Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
  Installing backend dependencies: started
  Installing backend dependencies: finished with status 'done'
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'done'
Building wheels for collected packages: spidev
  Building wheel for spidev (pyproject.toml): started
  Building wheel for spidev (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Building wheel for spidev (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [20 lines of output]
      C:\Users\sasha\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-hsttcn2i\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:745: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: Invalid dash-separated options
      !!
      
              ********************************************************************************
              Usage of dash-separated 'description-file' will not be supported in future
              versions. Please use the underscore name 'description_file' instead.
      
              By 2023-Sep-26, you need to update your project and remove deprecated calls
              or your builds will no longer be supported.
      
              See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/declarative_config.html for details.
              ********************************************************************************
      
      !!
        opt = self.warn_dash_deprecation(opt, section)
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_ext
      building 'spidev' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for spidev
Failed to build spidev
ERROR: Could not build wheels for spidev, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
Error: process returned with code 1

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者HockeyCRAZEY