Telegram Bot中environ环境变量无法跨文件传递的问题

问题概述 #

• loader.py可正常读取环境变量TOKEN，但start_message.py导入bot/dp时触发ImproperlyConfigured: Set the TOKEN environment variable错误
• 启动入口main.py无报错，但Bot完全不响应/start命令
• 尝试在handler文件中重复初始化环境变量无效，仅重复定义bot能临时解决，但不符合代码复用原则

项目文件结构 #

my_project
├──__pycache__
├── .spyproject
├──core
│  ├──__init__.py
│  ├──functions
│  │  └──__init__.py
│  │  └──notify_admins.py
│  └──handlers
│     └──__init__.py
│     └──start_message.py
├──data
│  └──.env
├──venv
├──environment.py
├──loader.py
└──main.py

相关代码片段 #

environment.py #

import environ
import pathlib

env = environ.Env(DEBUG=(bool, False))

current_dir = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent
env_file = pathlib.Path(current_dir, "./data/.env")
with open(env_file, 'r') as fd:
    environ.Env.read_env(env_file=fd)

TOKEN = env("TOKEN")
admin_chat = env("admin_chat")

loader.py #

from aiogram import Bot, Dispatcher
import environ
from environment import TOKEN


bot = Bot(token=TOKEN)
dp = Dispatcher(bot)

start_message.py #

from aiogram import types
from loader import bot, dp


@dp.message_handler(commands=["start"])
async def send_start_message(message: types.Message):
    await bot.send_message(message.chat.id, "Hello!")

notify_admins.py #

from loader import bot, dp
from aiogram import types
from datetime import datetime
from environment import admin_chat

admin_chat = int(admin_chat)

@dp.message_handler(commands=["start"])
async def send_startup_message_to_admins(message: types.Message):
    await bot.send_message(admin_chat, f"[{datetime.now()}] Bot was started by" \
                           f"@{message.from_user.username}, " \
                           f"ID: {message.from_user.id}")

main.py #

from aiogram import executor
import nest_asyncio

nest_asyncio.apply()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    from handlers import dp
    executor.start_polling(dp)

完整错误栈 #

runfile('/home/user/***/handlers/start_message.py', wdir='/home/user/***/handlers', current_namespace=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File ~/***/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/environ/environ.py:275 in get_value
    value = self.ENVIRON[var]

  File /usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:679 in __getitem__
    raise KeyError(key) from None

KeyError: 'TOKEN'


During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File ~/***/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/spyder_kernels/py3compat.py:356 in compat_exec
    exec(code, globals, locals)

  File ~/***/handlers/start_message.py:9
    from loader import bot, dp

  File ~/***/loader.py:14
    bot = Bot(token=env("TOKEN"))

  File ~/***/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/environ/environ.py:125 in __call__
    return self.get_value(var, cast=cast, default=default, parse_default=parse_default)

  File ~/***/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/environ/environ.py:279 in get_value
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg)

ImproperlyConfigured: Set the TOKEN environment variable

解决方案 #

1. 修复环境变量加载逻辑 #

错误根源：实际运行的loader.py中直接调用了未加载.env文件的env("TOKEN")（与提供的代码不一致），且直接运行handler文件时工作目录异常。

• 确保loader.py严格使用environment.py中预加载的TOKEN，删除冗余的environ导入：

  from aiogram import Bot, Dispatcher
  from environment import TOKEN
  
  bot = Bot(token=TOKEN)
  dp = Dispatcher(bot)
  

2. 注册所有Handler #

Bot不响应命令是因为handlers/__init__.py未导入定义好的handler，导致路由未注册。修改core/handlers/__init__.py：

from loader import dp
from .start_message import *
from ..functions.notify_admins import *

3. 统一启动入口 #

禁止直接运行handler文件，必须通过main.py启动Bot，确保工作目录为项目根目录，避免路径解析错误。

4. 额外校验 #

• 确认data/.env文件存在，且包含TOKEN=你的机器人令牌和admin_chat=管理员聊天ID
• 若导入路径仍有问题，可在main.py开头添加路径补全：

  import sys, os
  sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ani