Anaconda构建的GCC11版Python启动出现段错误的解决咨询

我通过Anaconda搭建了多个Python版本，最近启动Python时碰到了Segmentation fault（段错误）问题。我怀疑这和构建Python用的GCC版本有关：之前安装的、用GCC 9和GCC 10构建的Python运行正常，但GCC 11构建的Python一启动就报段错误。

现在我的Anaconda似乎只能安装GCC 11构建的Python。我试过创建仅包含Python的全新干净环境、重新安装Anaconda，还执行了conda clean -a命令，问题仍未解决。请问如何让Python在当前Anaconda安装环境下正常运行？

出现段错误的Python示例 #

$ ./python
Python 3.8.17 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Jun 16 2023, 07:06:00)
[GCC 11.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Segmentation fault

$ ./python
Python 3.9.16 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Feb  1 2023, 21:39:03)
[GCC 11.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Segmentation fault

运行正常的Python示例 #

$ ./python
Python 3.9.7 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Sep 29 2021, 19:20:46)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

$ ./python
Python 3.7.12 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Oct 26 2021, 06:08:53)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

$ ./python
Python 3.8.13 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Mar 25 2022, 06:04:10)
[GCC 10.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

系统默认GCC版本 #

$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

创建Python环境的命令示例 #

conda create -n py39 -c conda-forge python=3.9

1. 指定安装旧版本GCC构建的Python包 #

直接指定对应GCC9/10构建的具体Python版本安装：

# 安装GCC9构建的Python3.9.7
conda create -n py39_old -c conda-forge python=3.9.7

# 安装GCC10构建的Python3.8.13
conda create -n py38_old -c conda-forge python=3.8.13

2. 锁定conda编译器版本偏好 #

编辑~/.condarc文件，添加以下配置，强制conda优先选择GCC9构建的包：

channel_priority: strict
conda_build:
  compiler_override:
    c: gcc-9
    cxx: g++-9
    fortran: gfortran-9

3. 使用Anaconda官方频道安装 #

尝试切换到Anaconda官方频道，其提供的Python包通常适配更广泛的旧系统环境：

conda create -n py39_stable -c anaconda python=3.9

4. 排查系统库兼容性 #

段错误可能源于系统旧版本库（如glibc）与GCC11构建包不兼容：

• 执行ldd ./python查看Python依赖的系统库
• 对比正常与出错Python的依赖差异，重点关注glibc版本。若系统glibc版本过低（如2.17及以下），只能选择旧版本GCC构建的Python。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kwonil