Conda环境下pip安装Chatterbot失败求助：编译依赖构建错误

问题概述 #

在Conda环境中使用pip安装Chatterbot时持续失败，核心错误为构建preshed、thinc、blis依赖的wheel包失败，关键报错片段如下：

Installing build dependencies ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [2578 lines of output]
    # 省略中间依赖收集过程
    Building wheels for collected packages: preshed, thinc, blis
      Building wheel for preshed (setup.py): started
      Building wheel for preshed (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
      error: subprocess-exited-with-error
    
      × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
      │ exit code: 1
      ╰─> [218 lines of output]
          /home/chalo/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py:84: _DeprecatedInstaller: setuptools.installer and fetch_build_eggs are deprecated.
          !!
        
                  ********************************************************************************
                  Requirements should be satisfied by a PEP 517 installer.
                  If you are using pip, you can try `pip install --use-pep517`.
                  ********************************************************************************

最终报错信息：

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for blis
Running setup.py clean for blis
Failed to build preshed thinc blis
ERROR: Could not build wheels for preshed, thinc, blis, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

已尝试的无效操作：

• 将setuptools降级至58.2.0版本
• 安装cmake并降级pip
• 运行pip install --use-pep517 setuptools，提示依赖已满足

解决方案 #

1. 创建兼容Python版本的Conda环境 #

Chatterbot旧版本对Python3.10+兼容性较差，建议指定Python3.9创建环境：

conda create -n chatterbot_env python=3.9
conda activate chatterbot_env

2. 安装系统级编译依赖（Linux环境） #

构建preshed、blis等包需要基础编译工具，执行以下命令安装：

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install build-essential python3-dev libopenblas-dev

3. 手动安装兼容版本的依赖包 #

直接安装Chatterbot时依赖的旧版thinc、blis无法适配新Python版本，先手动安装兼容版本：

pip install blis==0.7.9 preshed==3.0.8 thinc==8.1.10

4. 安装Chatterbot #

依赖安装完成后，执行Chatterbot安装命令：

pip install chatterbot

备选方案：使用维护活跃的fork版本 #

如果上述方法仍失败，可尝试社区维护的fork版本：

pip install git+https://github.com/gunthercox/ChatterBot.git@v1.0.4

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Emmanuel Chalo