Android Compose项目中Gradle自动升级activity-compose版本引发编译问题

在我的Android Compose项目里，Gradle会自动将androidx.activity:activity-compose库升级至1.8.0-alpha05版本，但该版本要求使用compileSdk 34才能编译，而当前使用的Gradle 8.0.2并不支持compileSdk 34。

项目build.gradle配置 #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
    id("com.google.dagger.hilt.android")
    id("com.google.devtools.ksp")
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.serialization' version '1.8.20'
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services'
}

android {
    namespace 'com.my_app'
    compileSdk 33

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.my_app"
        minSdk 21
        targetSdk 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        vectorDrawables {
            useSupportLibrary true
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled true
            shrinkResources true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }

    applicationVariants.all { variant ->
        variant.addJavaSourceFoldersToModel(
                new File(buildDir, "generated/ksp/${variant.name}/kotlin")
        )
    }

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_18
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_18
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '18'
    }
    buildFeatures {
        compose true
    }
    composeOptions {
        kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion '1.4.6'
    }
    packagingOptions {
        resources {
            excludes += '/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    def exoPlayerVersion = "1.0.2"
    def room_version = "2.5.1"

    def composeBom = platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2023.05.01')
    implementation composeBom
    androidTestImplementation composeBom

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.10.1'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.6.1'
    implementation("androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-compose:2.6.1")
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.7.2' // 问题相关依赖
    implementation "androidx.compose.animation:animation-graphics"
    implementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui'
    implementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui-graphics'
    implementation 'androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview'
    implementation 'androidx.compose.material3:material3'
    implementation 'androidx.compose.foundation:foundation'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.10.0-alpha04'
    implementation('org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:1.5.1')

    // ... 其他依赖
}

编译错误信息 #

执行./gradlew checkDebugAarMetadata命令后抛出以下错误：

> A failure occurred while executing com.android.build.gradle.internal.tasks.CheckAarMetadataWorkAction
   > 3 issues were found when checking AAR metadata:

       1.  Dependency 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.8.0-alpha05' requires libraries and applications that
           depend on it to compile against version 34 or later of the
           Android APIs.

           :app is currently compiled against android-33.

           Also, the maximum recommended compile SDK version for Android Gradle
           plugin 8.0.2 is 33. 

       2.  Dependency 'androidx.activity:activity-ktx:1.8.0-alpha05' requires libraries and applications that
           depend on it to compile against version 34 or later of the
           Android APIs.

           // 同上注释

       3.  Dependency 'androidx.activity:activity:1.8.0-alpha05' requires libraries and applications that
           depend on it to compile against version 34 or later of the
           Android APIs.

           // 同上注释

已尝试的无效操作 #

我曾尝试用Gradle版本解析策略强制指定版本，但未生效：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy {
        force 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.7.2'
    }
}

解决方案 #

1. 强制所有activity相关库的版本 #

错误显示activity、activity-ktx、activity-compose三个库都被升级到了1.8.0-alpha05，需同时强制这三个库的版本：

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy {
        force 'androidx.activity:activity:1.7.2'
        force 'androidx.activity:activity-ktx:1.7.2'
        force 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.7.2'
    }
}

2. 定位版本来源 #

执行以下命令查看依赖树，找到自动引入高版本activity库的依赖来源：

./gradlew app:dependencies

搜索androidx.activity相关条目，确认是否是某依赖（比如当前使用的Compose BOM）间接引入了高版本，再针对性调整该依赖版本或覆盖其指定的activity版本。

3. 调整Compose BOM版本（可选） #

当前使用的Compose BOM版本为2023.05.01，若该BOM默认指定了高版本activity库，可切换到兼容compileSdk 33的低版本BOM，比如2023.03.00。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Firate