升级Node.js v18后Vercel部署Node项目报错求助

我参考在线入门教程搭建了一个用于Twitch直播的简单TypeScript API，观众使用该CLI在聊天中互动已有2年，运行一直正常。近期更新代码后，Vercel部署失败，提示需升级至Node.js v18；在Vercel项目设置中完成版本升级后，构建部署时出现以下错误：

[10:40:58.919] Running build in Washington, D.C., USA (East) – iad1
[10:40:58.985] Cloning bitbucket.org/JonWiesman/twitchbot (Branch: master, Commit: 2222239)
[10:41:00.430] Cloning completed: 1.445s
[10:41:00.571] Skipping build cache since Node.js version changed from "16.x" to "18.x"
[10:41:01.133] Running "vercel build"
[10:41:01.644] Vercel CLI 30.2.3
[10:41:01.893] Installing dependencies...
[10:41:02.687] npm WARN old lockfile 
[10:41:02.687] npm WARN old lockfile The package-lock.json file was created with an old version of npm,
[10:41:02.688] npm WARN old lockfile so supplemental metadata must be fetched from the registry.
[10:41:02.688] npm WARN old lockfile 
[10:41:02.688] npm WARN old lockfile This is a one-time fix-up, please be patient...
[10:41:02.688] npm WARN old lockfile 
[10:41:10.357] npm WARN deprecated urix@0.1.0: Please see https://github.com/lydell/urix#deprecated
[10:41:10.708] npm WARN deprecated source-map-resolve@0.5.3: See https://github.com/lydell/source-map-resolve#deprecated
[10:41:10.835] npm WARN deprecated resolve-url@0.2.1: https://github.com/lydell/resolve-url#deprecated
[10:41:10.917] npm WARN deprecated source-map-url@0.4.0: See https://github.com/lydell/source-map-url#deprecated
[10:41:11.312] npm WARN deprecated querystring@0.2.0: The querystring API is considered Legacy. new code should use the URLSearchParams API instead.
[10:41:12.466] npm WARN deprecated chokidar@2.1.8: Chokidar 2 does not receive security updates since 2019. Upgrade to chokidar 3 with 15x fewer dependencies
[10:41:28.905] 
[10:41:28.905] added 651 packages in 27s
[10:41:28.905] 
[10:41:28.905] 30 packages are looking for funding
[10:41:28.906]   run `npm fund` for details
[10:41:28.933] Detected Next.js version: 10.0.3
[10:41:28.940] Detected `package-lock.json` generated by npm 7+...
[10:41:28.940] Running "npm run build"
[10:41:29.238] 
[10:41:29.238] > with-typescript@1.0.0 build
[10:41:29.239] > next build
[10:41:29.239] 
[10:41:29.882] Browserslist: caniuse-lite is outdated. Please run:
[10:41:29.882] npx browserslist@latest --update-db
[10:41:29.930] node:internal/errors:490
[10:41:29.931]     ErrorCaptureStackTrace(err);
[10:41:29.931]     ^
[10:41:29.931] 
[10:41:29.931] Error [ERR_PACKAGE_PATH_NOT_EXPORTED]: Package subpath './lib/parser' is not defined by "exports" in /vercel/path0/underbot/node_modules/postcss/package.json
[10:41:29.931]     at new NodeError (node:internal/errors:399:5)
[10:41:29.931]     at exportsNotFound (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:361:10)
[10:41:29.931]     at packageExportsResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:697:9)
[10:41:29.931]     at resolveExports (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:565:36)
[10:41:29.931]     at Module._findPath (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:634:31)
[10:41:29.932]     at Module._resolveFilename (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1061:27)
[10:41:29.932]     at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:920:27)
[10:41:29.932]     at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1141:19)
[10:41:29.932]     at require (node:internal/modules/cjs/helpers:110:18)
[10:41:29.932]     at 552 (/vercel/path0/underbot/node_modules/next/dist/compiled/postcss-scss/scss-syntax.js:1:11590) {
[10:41:29.932]   code: 'ERR_PACKAGE_PATH_NOT_EXPORTED'
[10:41:29.933] }
[10:41:29.933] 
[10:41:29.933] Node.js v18.15.0
[10:41:29.955] Error: Command "npm run build" exited with 1
[10:41:30.431] BUILD_UTILS_SPAWN_1: Command "npm run build" exited with 1

尝试执行npm update命令，但系统提示不存在package.json（实际项目中有package-lock.json），不清楚问题根源，希望得到解决方案。

1. 解决npm update提示找不到package.json的问题 #

• 确认执行npm update的目录是项目根目录，若不是，切换到根目录后重新执行。
• 如果package.json确实丢失，先运行npm init -y生成基础配置文件，再执行npm install，npm会自动根据package-lock.json同步依赖版本。

2. 修复postcss导出路径错误 #

这个错误是因为Node.js 18对ES模块导出的解析更严格，而你使用的Next.js 10.0.3依赖的postcss版本不兼容Node.js 18，有两种解决方式：

方式一：升级Next.js到兼容版本 #

在项目根目录执行：

npm install next@latest

更新完成后，提交更新后的package.json和package-lock.json到仓库，重新触发Vercel构建。

方式二：锁定兼容的postcss版本 #

在package.json的dependencies或devDependencies中添加：

"postcss": "^8.4.21"

然后执行：

npm install

提交更新后的文件到仓库，重新部署。

3. 清理旧依赖缓存 #

删除项目根目录的node_modules文件夹和package-lock.json文件，然后执行：

npm install

重新生成适配Node.js 18的依赖文件，避免旧版本冲突。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者JonWiesman