Spring Security JWT认证配置引发HTTP 403禁止访问问题排查

云原生阿岚

2026-7-17

Spring Boot JWT无状态认证所有端点返回403错误排查

我正在开发基于Spring Boot的应用，使用Spring Security处理认证与授权，采用JWT实现令牌生成和无状态会话管理。尽管完成配置，但所有端点（含已配置无需认证的端点）均持续返回HTTP 403禁止访问错误，尝试多种方案未解决。

核心配置代码

SecurityConfig

package com.khanfar.project2.Security.config;

import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class SecurityConfig {

    private final JwtAuthFilter JwtAuthFilter ;
    private final AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider;

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
                .csrf().disable()
                .cors().and()
                .authorizeHttpRequests()
                .requestMatchers("/api/v1/**").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and()
                .sessionManagement()
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                .and()
                .addFilterBefore(JwtAuthFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
                .authenticationProvider(authenticationProvider);

        return http.build();
    }
}

JwtAuthFilter

package com.khanfar.project2.Security.config;

import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.lang.NonNull;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import java.io.IOException;

import static org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION;

@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class JwtAuthFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    private final JwtService jwtService ;
    private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService ;

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(@NonNull HttpServletRequest request, @NonNull HttpServletResponse response, @NonNull FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        final String userEmail ;
        final String authHeader = request.getHeader(AUTHORIZATION) ;
        final String Token ;
        if (authHeader==null  || !authHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")){
            filterChain.doFilter(request , response);
            return;
        }
        Token = authHeader.substring(7);
        userEmail = jwtService.extractUsername (Token) ;

        if (userEmail != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
            UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(userEmail);
            if (jwtService.isTokenValid(Token , userDetails)) {
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authToken =
                        new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails , null , userDetails.getAuthorities() ) ;
                authToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authToken);
            }
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(request  , response);
    }
}

JwtService

package com.khanfar.project2.Security.config;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import io.jsonwebtoken.io.Decoders;
import io.jsonwebtoken.security.Keys;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Function;

@Service
public class JwtService {

    private static final String SECRET_KEY = "TAREQ KHANFAR";

    public String extractUsername(String token) {
        return extractClaim(token , Claims::getSubject);
    }
    private Claims extractAllClaims(String token) {
        return Jwts.parserBuilder()
                .setSigningKey(getSignInKey())
                .build()
                .parseClaimsJwt(token)
                .getBody();
    }
    public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        return generateToken(new HashMap<>() , userDetails) ;
    }
    public String generateToken (Map<String , Object> map , UserDetails userDetails ) {
        return Jwts.builder().setClaims(map)
                .setSubject(userDetails.getUsername()  )
                .setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+1000 * 60 * 24 ))
                .signWith(getSignInKey() , SignatureAlgorithm.HS256)
                .compact();

    }

    public boolean isTokenValid(String token , UserDetails userDetails ) {
        final String username = extractUsername(token) ;
        return username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token) ;
    }

    private boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        return extractExpiration(token).before(new Date());

    }

    private Date extractExpiration(String token) {
        return extractClaim(token , Claims::getExpiration);
    }

    public <T> T extractClaim(String token , Function<Claims , T > claimsTFunction) {
        final Claims claims = extractAllClaims(token) ;
        return claimsTFunction.apply(claims) ;
    }
    private Key getSignInKey() {
        byte[] keyBytes = Decoders.BASE64.decode(SECRET_KEY);
        return Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(keyBytes);
    }
}

ApplicationConfig

package com.khanfar.project2.Security.config;

import com.khanfar.project2.Security.user.UserRepository;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.configuration.AuthenticationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Configuration
public class ApplicationConfig {

    private final UserRepository userRepository ;

    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        return username -> userRepository.findByEmail(username)
                .orElseThrow(()->new UsernameNotFoundException("User not found ."));
    }

    @Bean
    public AuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider() {
        DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
        authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService());
        authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
        return authenticationProvider;
    }
    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager (AuthenticationConfiguration configuration) throws Exception {
        return configuration.getAuthenticationManager();
    }
    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
}

AuthenticationService

package com.khanfar.project2.Security.auth;

import com.khanfar.project2.Entity.Role;
import com.khanfar.project2.Security.config.JwtService;
import com.khanfar.project2.Security.user.User;
import com.khanfar.project2.Security.user.UserRepository;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class AuthenticationService {

    private final UserRepository userRepository ;
    private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder ;
    private final JwtService jwtService ;
    private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager ;

    public AuthenticationResponse register(RegisterRequest registerRequest) {
        var user = User.builder()
                .name(registerRequest.getName())
                .email(registerRequest.getEmail())
                .password(passwordEncoder.encode(registerRequest.getPassword()))
                .role(Role.USER)
                .build();

        userRepository.save(user);
        var token = jwtService.generateToken(user);
        return new AuthenticationResponse().builder().
                Token(token)
                .build();
    }

    public AuthenticationResponse authenticateRequest(AuthenticationRequest request) {
        authenticationManager.authenticate(
                new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(request.getEmail() ,request.getPassword())
        );
        var user = userRepository.findByEmail(request.getEmail()).orElseThrow();
        var token = jwtService.generateToken(user);
        return new AuthenticationResponse().builder().
                Token(token)
                .build();
    }
}

AuthenticationController

package com.khanfar.project2.Security.auth;

import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/auth")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class AuthenticationController {

    private final AuthenticationService authenticationService;

    @PostMapping("/register")
    public ResponseEntity<AuthenticationResponse> register(@RequestBody RegisterRequest registerRequest) {
        System.out.println(registerRequest.getEmail());
        return ResponseEntity.ok(authenticationService.register(registerRequest));
    }

    @PostMapping("/authenticate")
    public ResponseEntity<AuthenticationResponse> authenticateRequest(@RequestBody AuthenticationRequest Request) {
        return ResponseEntity.ok(authenticationService.authenticateRequest(Request));
    }
}

配置说明

在SecurityConfig中，已禁用CSRF，设置会话管理策略为SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS，并配置以"/api/v1/**"开头的路由允许匿名访问。

调试日志

2023-07-01T22:15:52.695+03:00 DEBUG 26652 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.security.web.FilterChainProxy        : Securing GET /api/v1/demo
2023-07-01T22:15:52.695+03:00 DEBUG 26652 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.s.w.a.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter  : Set SecurityContextHolder to anonymous SecurityContext
2023-07-01T22:15:52.695+03:00 DEBUG 26652 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.s.w.session.SessionManagementFilter  : Request requested invalid session id FFD79F7D00BB82527193D66022479C54
2023-07-01T22:15:52.697+03:00 DEBUG 26652 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.s.w.a.Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint     : Pre-authenticated entry point called. Rejecting access
2023-07-01T22:15:52.698+03:00 DEBUG 26652 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.security.web.FilterChainProxy        : Securing GET /error
2023-07-01T22:15:52.701+03:00 DEBUG 26652 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.s.w.a.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter  : Set SecurityContextHolder to anonymous SecurityContext
2023-07-01T22:15:52.702+03:00 DEBUG 26652 --- [nio-8081-exec-1] o.s.s.w.a.Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint     : Pre-authenticated entry point called. Rejecting access

日志显示尽管设置了无状态，应用仍尝试使用会话，请求被Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint拒绝。

问题排查与解决方案

1. JWT密钥解析错误

当前SECRET_KEY为明文字符串"TAREQ KHANFAR"，但代码中用Decoders.BASE64.decode(SECRET_KEY)解码，该字符串并非有效的Base64编码，会导致密钥生成失败，进而使JWT校验失效。

修复方案：
修改getSignInKey方法，直接使用字符串的字节数组生成密钥（需确保密钥长度符合HS256要求，至少32字节，若当前密钥过短，建议更换为更长的字符串）：

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

private Key getSignInKey() {
    byte[] keyBytes = SECRET_KEY.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    return Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(keyBytes);
}

2. 会话管理配置不完整

虽然设置了SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS，但需额外禁用会话固定保护，并确保响应头不会触发会话创建：

// 在SecurityConfig的securityFilterChain方法中添加
http
    .sessionManagement()
    .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
    .sessionFixation().none()
    .and()
    .headers().frameOptions().disable();

3. 权限路径匹配问题

显式指定无需认证的具体路径，避免路径匹配规则冲突：

.authorizeHttpRequests()
.requestMatchers("/api/v1/auth/**", "/api/v1/demo").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()

4. JWT过滤器异常处理缺失

JWT解析失败时直接放行请求，会导致匿名访问被拒绝，需添加异常捕获并返回401错误：

@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(@NonNull HttpServletRequest request, @NonNull HttpServletResponse response, @NonNull FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    try {
        // 原有逻辑
    } catch (Exception e) {
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
        response.getWriter().write("Invalid JWT token");
        return;
    }
    filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}

5. CORS配置缺失

启用CORS但未正确配置时，跨域请求可能被拦截，添加CORS配置Bean：

import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import java.util.List;

@Bean
public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
    CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration();
    configuration.setAllowedOrigins(List.of("*")); // 根据实际环境调整
    configuration.setAllowedMethods(List.of("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS"));
    configuration.setAllowedHeaders(List.of("*"));
    configuration.setExposedHeaders(List.of(AUTHORIZATION));
    UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
    source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration);
    return source;
}

然后在SecurityConfig中关联该配置：

http.cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()))

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tareq Khanfar

Spring Security JWT认证配置引发HTTP 403禁止访问问题排查

核心配置代码 #

SecurityConfig #

JwtAuthFilter #

JwtService #

ApplicationConfig #

AuthenticationService #

AuthenticationController #

配置说明 #

调试日志 #

问题排查与解决方案 #

1. JWT密钥解析错误 #

2. 会话管理配置不完整 #

3. 权限路径匹配问题 #

4. JWT过滤器异常处理缺失 #

5. CORS配置缺失 #