升级Ionic7/Angular16/Capacitor5后相机无法打开报错求助

我开发了一款基于Ionic、Angular和Capacitor的应用，近期升级至Ionic 7、Angular 16和Capacitor 5版本，针对API 33构建安装包。升级后打开相机时无法启动，抛出如下异常：

Unable to create photo on disk 
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Couldn't find meta-data for provider with authority AppID.fileprovider 
at androidx.core.content.FileProvider.getFileProviderPathsMetaData(FileProvider.java:664)
at androidx.core.content.FileProvider.parsePathStrategy(FileProvider.java:695) 
at androidx.core.content.FileProvider.getPathStrategy(FileProvider.java:645)
at androidx.core.content.FileProvider.getUriForFile(FileProvider.java:449)
at com.capacitorjs.plugins.camera.CameraPlugin.openCamera(CameraPlugin.java:304)
at com.capacitorjs.plugins.camera.CameraPlugin.showCamera(CameraPlugin.java:175)
at com.capacitorjs.plugins.camera.CameraPlugin.doShow(CameraPlugin.java:135)
at com.capacitorjs.plugins.camera.CameraPlugin.getPhoto(CameraPlugin.java:113)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.getcapacitor.PluginHandle.invoke(PluginHandle.java:138)
at com.getcapacitor.Bridge.lambda$callPluginMethod$0(Bridge.java:774)
at com.getcapacitor.Bridge.$r8$lambda$ehFTi5f4HhVNFKTbCKAYDkpQYRA(Unknown Source:0)
at com.getcapacitor.Bridge$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.run(Unknown Source:8)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:938)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:236)
at android.os.HandlerThread.run(HandlerThread.java:67)

AndroidManifest.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
>
<uses-sdk tools:overrideLibrary="com.google.zxing.client.android" />


<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.gms.permission.AD_ID" tools:node="remove"/>


<uses-feature
    android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth"
    android:required="true" />
<uses-feature
    android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"
    android:required="true" />
<uses-feature
    android:name="android.hardware.camera"
    android:required="false" />

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
    android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
    >

    <activity
        android:name="AppID.MainActivity"
        android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize|locale|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|uiMode"
        android:exported="true"
        android:label="@string/title_activity_main"
        android:launchMode="singleTask"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBarLaunch">

        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>

    </activity>

    <provider
        android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
        android:authorities="${applicationId}.file-provider"
        android:exported="false"
        android:grantUriPermissions="true">
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
    </provider>
</application>

项目信息 #

Ionic CLI                     : 7.1.1 
Ionic Framework               : @ionic/angular 7.0.14
@angular-devkit/build-angular : 16.1.0
@angular-devkit/schematics    : 16.1.0
@angular/cli                  : 16.1.0
@ionic/angular-toolkit        : 9.0.0

Capacitor:

Capacitor CLI      : 5.1.0
@capacitor/android : 5.1.0
@capacitor/core    : 5.1.0
@capacitor/ios     : 5.1.0
NodeJS : v18.10.0 
npm    : 8.19.2

Android Studio Flamingo | 2022.2.1 Patch 2
Java 17
Gradle 8.0.0

异常核心提示是找不到AppID.fileprovider这个权限对应的FileProvider元数据，而你的AndroidManifest.xml中配置的FileProvider权限是${applicationId}.file-provider（带连字符），两者格式不匹配。Capacitor 5的Camera插件默认使用的权限格式为${applicationId}.fileprovider（无连字符），导致插件无法匹配到正确的FileProvider配置。

方案一：修改AndroidManifest中的权限格式 #

将provider标签的android:authorities值改为无连字符的格式，和插件默认期望一致：

<provider
    android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="${applicationId}.fileprovider"
    android:exported="false"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>

方案二：在Capacitor配置中指定自定义权限 #

如果不想修改AndroidManifest.xml，可以在capacitor.config.ts中配置Camera插件使用你当前的权限：

import { CapacitorConfig } from '@capacitor/cli';

const config: CapacitorConfig = {
  appId: '你的AppID',
  appName: '你的AppName',
  webDir: 'www',
  bundledWebRuntime: false,
  plugins: {
    Camera: {
      fileProviderAuthority: '${applicationId}.file-provider'
    }
  }
};

export default config;

额外检查项 #

确保android/app/src/main/res/xml/file_paths.xml文件存在，若不存在则创建，内容参考如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-files-path name="my_images" path="Pictures" />
    <external-files-path name="my_files" path="Files" />
</paths>

最后执行构建命令 #

修改完成后，清理缓存并重新同步构建：

cd android
./gradlew clean
cd ..
ionic cap sync android
ionic cap build android

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jitendera Kumar