使用RN-CLI搭建React Native项目失败：react-native-gradle-plugin不存在

问题场景 #

首次通过React Native CLI搭建项目，遵循官方文档操作后构建失败，报错指定路径下的react-native-gradle-plugin不存在。尝试在node_modules/react-native下安装该插件未解决问题。

错误日志：

info 💡 Tip: Make sure that you have set up your development environment correctly, by running react-native doctor. To read more about doctor command visit: https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/blob/main/packages/cli-doctor/README.md#doctor


FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Included build 'D:\React-native_Projects\Infovision_demo_rn_js_ts_final_projects\rn_cli\CustomApp1_new\CustomApp1\node_modules\react-native-gradle-plugin' does not exist.

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 28s

环境变量：

JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.12
Path=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.12\bin;C:\Users\shubham.bhatt\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\tools\bin;C:\Users\shubham.bhatt\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\platform-tool;C:\Gradle\gradle-7.3.1\bin;D:\React-native Projects\rn-starter-main\.expo-shared
ANDROID_HOME=C:\Users\shubham.bhatt\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=C:\Users\shubham.bhatt\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk

解决步骤 #

• 彻底重置依赖

  1. 删除本地依赖文件夹和锁文件：

     # Windows
     rmdir /s /q node_modules
     del package-lock.json
     
     # macOS/Linux
     rm -rf node_modules
     rm package-lock.json
     

  2. 清除npm缓存并重新安装：

     npm cache clean --force
     npm install
     

• 正确安装gradle插件
  不要在node_modules/react-native目录下手动安装插件，直接在项目根目录执行：

  npm install react-native-gradle-plugin --save-dev
  

• 检查gradle配置路径
  打开android/settings.gradle文件，确认插件引入路径是否正确，正确配置应为：

  includeBuild('../node_modules/react-native-gradle-plugin')
  

  如果路径错误（比如指向了react-native子目录下的插件），修改为上述路径。

• 验证环境完整性
  运行react-native doctor检查所有开发环境依赖，按照工具提示修复缺失或配置错误的项。

• 清理Android构建缓存
  进入项目的android目录，执行：

  # Windows
  gradlew clean
  
  # macOS/Linux
  ./gradlew clean
  

  回到项目根目录重新运行构建命令：npx react-native run-android

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shubham