Laravel执行migrate:refresh --seed报错：firstname字段无默认值

执行php artisan migrate:refresh --seed时触发数据库错误：

SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1364 Field 'firstname' doesn't have a default value (Connection: mysql, SQL: insert into users (updated_at, created_at) values (2023-07-06 14:12:05, 2023-07-06 14:12:05))

相关代码如下：

User模型的$fillable属性 #

protected $fillable = [
        'first name',
        'last name',
        'phoneNumber',
        'email',
        'password',
        'image',
        'reg_token'
    ];

迁移文件 #

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration {
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     */
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('firstname');
            $table->string('lastname');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->string('profile_picture');
            $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->timestamps();
            $table->string('phoneNumber');
            $table->string('reg_token');
            $table->string('person_type')->nullable();
            $table->unsignedBigInteger('person_id')->nullable();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     */
    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }
};

UserFactory #

<?php

namespace Database\Factories;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\User>
 */
class UserFactory extends Factory
{
    /**
     * Define the model's default state.
     *
     * @return array<string, mixed>
     */
    public function definition(): array
    {
        return [
            'firstname' => fake()->name(),
            'lastname' => fake()->name(),
            'email' => fake()->unique()->safeEmail(),
            'profile_picture' => fake()->imageUrl(),
            'email_verified_at' => now(),
            'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi',
            'phoneNumber' => "0123456789",
            'reg_token' => Str::random(10),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Indicate that the model's email address should be unverified.
     */
    public function unverified(): static
    {
        return $this->state(fn(array $attributes) => [
            'email_verified_at' => null,
        ]);
    }
}

问题核心是模型$fillable字段与数据库、工厂的字段完全不匹配，Laravel的批量赋值机制会阻止未在$fillable中声明的字段写入数据库，导致工厂生成的字段值无法插入，最终触发MySQL非空字段无默认值的错误。需按以下步骤修正：

1. 统一字段命名与对应关系
   数据库和工厂使用的是firstname、lastname、profile_picture，但模型$fillable里写的是first name、last name（带空格）、image，完全不匹配，需修改模型的$fillable为：

   protected $fillable = [
           'firstname',
           'lastname',
           'phoneNumber',
           'email',
           'password',
           'profile_picture',
           'reg_token',
           'email_verified_at'
       ];
   

2. 验证字段一致性
   确保$fillable中包含所有需要通过批量赋值写入的字段（比如工厂里用到的email_verified_at），且字段名与数据库完全一致。

完成以上修改后，重新执行php artisan migrate:refresh --seed即可解决问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Djebarra Rabah Abderrazak