Flutter构建Release APK遇Kotlin版本不兼容问题求助

问题详情 #

错误提示：

module was compiled with an incompatible version of kotlin. the binary version of its metadata is 1.8.0, expected version is 1.6

构建Flutter应用的Release APK时触发该错误，已尝试切换多种Kotlin版本仍未解决，项目配置文件如下：

项目配置文件 #

android/app/build.gradle #

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
if (flutterRoot == null) {
    throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"

   def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
   def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file('key.properties')
   if (keystorePropertiesFile.exists()) {
       keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))
   }


android {
    compileSdkVersion flutter.compileSdkVersion
    ndkVersion flutter.ndkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        applicationId "com.rewaytech.rewayusers"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-gradle-build-configuration.
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 33
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
    }

   signingConfigs {
       release {
           keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
           keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
           storeFile keystoreProperties['storeFile'] ? file(keystoreProperties['storeFile']) : null
           storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
       }
   }
   buildTypes {
       release {
           signingConfig signingConfigs.release
       }
   }

}

flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:31.2.3')
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-ktx'
}

android/build.gradle #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.8.0'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.15'
    }
}


allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

排查与解决步骤 #

1. 统一Gradle插件与Kotlin版本兼容性
   Kotlin 1.8.0要求Gradle插件版本至少为7.3.0，当前配置中Gradle插件是7.2.0，版本不匹配。修改android/build.gradle中的Gradle插件版本：

   classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.3' // 可选择更高兼容版本
   

   确保项目中所有模块使用同一kotlin_version，避免版本分裂。

2. 解决依赖库Kotlin版本冲突
   Firebase BOM 31.2.3可能依赖较低版本的Kotlin，尝试升级Firebase BOM到兼容Kotlin 1.8的版本：

   implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:32.0.0')
   

   或者执行./gradlew app:dependencies查看所有依赖的Kotlin版本，找到强制指定1.6版本的依赖，通过如下配置统一版本：

   // 加入到android/app/build.gradle的android块或顶层
   configurations.all {
       resolutionStrategy.force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.8.0"
       resolutionStrategy.force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.0"
   }
   

3. 清理构建缓存
   执行以下命令彻底清除旧编译缓存，避免残留冲突：

   flutter clean
   ./android/gradlew cleanBuildCache
   

4. 升级Flutter SDK
   旧版本Flutter对高版本Kotlin支持有限，运行命令升级到稳定版：

   flutter upgrade
   

5. 检查子模块/插件配置
   如果项目包含第三方Flutter插件，检查插件的android/build.gradle是否指定了独立的Kotlin版本，需统一为项目的1.8.0版本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Chirag_Bachwani