如何使用VBA关闭在独立Excel实例中打开的工作簿？

方法一：按文件名针对性关闭跨实例Excel文件 #

可以通过GetObject函数绑定到目标文件（无论它处于哪个Excel实例），直接获取对应Workbook对象并关闭，实现起来简洁高效：

Sub CloseSpecificWorkbooksAcrossInstances()
    Dim PartNumber As Variant
    Dim PNArray As Variant
    Dim targetWB As Workbook
    Dim exportFileName As String
    
    ' 替换为你的实际零件号数组
    PNArray = Array("PN001", "PN002", "PN003")
    
    For Each PartNumber In PNArray
        exportFileName = PartNumber & "_Export.xlsx"
        On Error Resume Next ' 忽略文件未打开的错误
        Set targetWB = GetObject(, "Excel.Application").Workbooks(exportFileName)
        If Err.Number = 0 Then
            targetWB.Close SaveChanges:=False
        Else
            Debug.Print exportFileName & " 未处于打开状态"
        End If
        On Error GoTo 0 ' 恢复默认错误处理
    Next PartNumber
End Sub

如果需要遍历所有运行中的Excel实例，避免遗漏，可以用以下代码循环检查每个实例的工作簿：

Sub CloseWorkbooksAllInstances()
    Dim PartNumber As Variant
    Dim PNArray As Variant
    Dim exportFileName As String
    Dim xlApp As Excel.Application
    Dim wb As Workbook
    Dim firstInstanceHwnd As Long
    
    PNArray = Array("PN001", "PN002", "PN003")
    Set xlApp = GetObject(, "Excel.Application")
    firstInstanceHwnd = xlApp.hwnd
    
    Do
        For Each wb In xlApp.Workbooks
            exportFileName = wb.Name
            ' 匹配目标文件名格式
            For Each PartNumber In PNArray
                If exportFileName = PartNumber & "_Export.xlsx" Then
                    wb.Close SaveChanges:=False
                    Exit For
                End If
            Next PartNumber
        Next wb
        
        ' 切换到下一个Excel实例
        Set xlApp = xlApp.Next
        ' 回到第一个实例时终止循环
        If xlApp Is Nothing Or xlApp.hwnd = firstInstanceHwnd Then Exit Do
    Loop
End Sub

方法二：终止特定Excel实例 #

如果不需要保留目标实例中的其他文件，可以直接终止对应Excel进程。通过WMI查询所有Excel进程，根据文件名匹配并终止：

Sub KillSpecificExcelInstance()
    Dim PartNumber As Variant
    Dim PNArray As Variant
    Dim exportFileName As String
    Dim objWMIService As Object
    Dim colProcesses As Object
    Dim objProcess As Object
    
    PNArray = Array("PN001", "PN002", "PN003")
    Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\.\root\cimv2")
    
    For Each PartNumber In PNArray
        exportFileName = PartNumber & "_Export.xlsx"
        Set colProcesses = objWMIService.ExecQuery( _
            "SELECT * FROM Win32_Process WHERE Name='EXCEL.EXE'")
        
        For Each objProcess In colProcesses
            ' 通过命令行匹配目标文件
            If InStr(objProcess.CommandLine, exportFileName) > 0 Then
                objProcess.Terminate
                Exit For
            End If
        Next objProcess
    Next PartNumber
End Sub

⚠️ 注意：终止进程会直接关闭整个Excel实例，该实例中所有未保存的文件都会丢失，使用前需确认风险。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者blackandorangecat