JMSTemplate Bean找不到：Spring Boot自动注入失败求助

昨天运行正常的Spring Boot整合Azure ServiceBus的JMS消息收发程序突然报错，未做任何代码改动，完全按照微软官方教程实现，报错信息如下：

错误信息 #

Field jmsTemplate in com.example.messagesender.MessageSenderApplication required a bean of type 'org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate' that could not be found.

The injection point has the following annotations:
    - @org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)

建议提示：

Consider defining a bean of type 'org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate' in your configuration.

相关配置与代码 #

Pom.xml #

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-starter-servicebus-jms</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.0-beta.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-messaging-servicebus</artifactId>
            <version>7.14.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jms -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.jms/javax.jms-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.jms</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.jms-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.messaginghub</groupId>
            <artifactId>pooled-jms</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>5.3.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

Java代码 #

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJms
public class MessageSenderApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageSenderApplication.class);
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue";

    @Autowired
    private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate;


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MessageSenderApplication.class, args);
    }

        @Override
        public void run (String... args){
            LOGGER.info("Sending message");
            jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(QUEUE_NAME, "Hello World");
        }

        @JmsListener(destination = QUEUE_NAME, containerFactory = "jmsListenerContainerFactory")
        public void receiveMessage (String message){
            LOGGER.info("Message received: {}", message);
        }
}

问题根源在于依赖版本冲突和多余依赖导致Spring Boot自动配置失效，无法创建JmsTemplate Bean，具体修复步骤如下：

1. 对齐Azure依赖版本
   spring-cloud-azure-starter-servicebus-jms使用了6.0.0-beta.4，但dependencyManagement中的spring-cloud-azure-dependencies是5.3.0，版本不匹配导致自动配置逻辑无法正常执行。将starter版本改为和dependencyManagement一致的5.3.0。

2. 移除冗余依赖

   • spring-jms、javax.jms-api已经被spring-cloud-azure-starter-servicebus-jms包含，手动指定旧版本会引发依赖冲突，直接删除这两个依赖。
   • azure-messaging-servicebus也已被starter包含，可选择移除该依赖，让starter管理对应版本。

3. 修改后的Pom.xml示例

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-starter-servicebus-jms</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>RELEASE</version>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.messaginghub</groupId>
        <artifactId>pooled-jms</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure.spring</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-azure-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.0</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

完成以上修改后，重新构建项目并运行，Spring Boot的自动配置会正确创建JmsTemplate和jmsListenerContainerFactory Bean，程序即可恢复正常。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Theo