Apache虚拟主机配置失效求助：本地多站点无法访问

背景 #

之前用Apache单站点运行正常，最近要在本地新增两个站点，参考相关指南和Stack Overflow内容配置后，访问/etc/hosts和httpd-vhosts.conf里配置的三个主机时，浏览器提示its-site.test refused to connect.，自行排查后未解决，本人是Apache新手，可能遗漏了明显问题。

预期配置 #

开发时通过命名虚拟主机访问三个本地站点：

• its-site.test
• its-cab.test
• its-gallery.test

Hosts文件内容 #

##
# Host Database
#
# localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
# when the system is booting.  Do not change this entry.
##
127.0.0.1       localhost
255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
::1             localhost

127.0.0.1       its-site.test
127.0.0.1       its-cab.test
127.0.0.1       its-gallery.test

httpd配置内容 #

/opt/homebrew/etc/httpd/httpd.conf：

Listen 80

Include /opt/homebrew/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
LoadModule rewrite_module lib/httpd/modules/mod_rewrite.so
ServerName localhost:80

# Also enabled PHP but not including the config here as it may not be relevant

虚拟主机配置内容 #

/opt/homebrew/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName its-site.test
    ServerAlias *.its-site.test
    DocumentRoot "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-site/web"

    <directory "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-site/web">
        Require all granted
        AllowOverride All
    </directory>
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName its-cab.test
    ServerAlias *.its-cab.test
    DocumentRoot "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-cab/web"

    <directory "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-cab/web">
        Require all granted
        AllowOverride All
    </directory>
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName its-gallery.test
    ServerAlias *.its-gallery.test
    DocumentRoot "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-gallery/web"

    <directory "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-gallery/web">
        Require all granted
        AllowOverride All
    </directory>
</VirtualHost>

补充信息 #

• M1 Macbook Air
• 通过Homebrew安装Apache和PHP
• 站点指向Drupal项目的web目录

此前正常的单站点配置 #

之前仅配置httpd.conf，未修改/etc/hosts和httpd-vhosts.conf，配置内容：

Listen 80
DocumentRoot "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-gallery/web"
<Directory "/Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/its-gallery/web">

# Also enabled PHP

配置虚拟主机时已移除上述DocumentRoot和<Directory>配置。

1. 检查Apache服务状态与端口占用 #

• 确认Apache是否正常启动：执行brew services list，查看httpd状态是否为started。未启动则执行brew services start httpd；已启动则重启服务：brew services restart httpd。
• 检查80端口是否被占用：执行sudo lsof -i :80，若有其他进程占用，要么停止该进程，要么修改Apache监听端口——把httpd.conf里的Listen 80改成Listen 8080，同时虚拟主机里的<VirtualHost *:80>改成<VirtualHost *:8080>，访问时需加端口号（如its-site.test:8080）。

2. 验证虚拟主机配置语法 #

执行httpd -t检查配置文件语法，若有错误会给出具体提示（比如路径错误、标签未闭合等）。

3. 启用虚拟主机模块 #

在httpd.conf里检查是否存在LoadModule vhost_alias_module lib/httpd/modules/mod_vhost_alias.so，如果没有，添加该行后重启Apache。Homebrew安装的Apache默认可能未启用该模块，这是虚拟主机生效的关键。

4. 修复目录权限 #

Drupal的web目录需要Apache具备读取和执行权限，执行以下命令：

sudo chmod -R 755 /Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/
sudo chown -R _www:_www /Users/ciesinsg/Documents/Repositories/

（Homebrew安装的Apache默认运行用户为_www，需确保目录归属正确）

5. 确认本地解析生效 #

执行ping its-site.test，查看是否返回127.0.0.1。若未返回，刷新DNS缓存：sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder（适用于M1 Mac）。

6. 清除浏览器缓存并强制访问 #

浏览器可能缓存了旧连接信息，尝试用隐私窗口访问，或按Ctrl+Shift+R强制刷新。另外，确保访问时使用http://its-site.test而非https://，因为未配置SSL，HTTPS会导致连接失败。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者GeorgeCiesinski