Ubuntu环境下Java+Selenium启动ChromeDriver失败：无法创建新会话

环境信息 #

• 平台：Ubuntu 22.04
• Java版本：17.0.7
• Selenium版本：4.10.0
• Chrome及ChromeDriver版本：114.0.5735

尝试的两种启动方式 #

方式1：使用宿主机已安装的Chrome和ChromeDriver

测试代码：

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chromeWebdriver);

ChromeOptions co = new ChromeOptions();
co.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
co.addArguments("--headless=new");
co.addArguments("--allowed-ips=127.0.0.1");
co.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
co.addArguments("--disable-setuid-sandbox");
co.addArguments("--remote-debugging-port=9222");
co.addArguments("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
co.addArguments("--disable-extensions");
co.addArguments("--disable-gpu");

driver = new ChromeDriver(co);
driver.get(W3SCHOOL_URL);
logger.info("test_chrome_by_system_property page title: {}", driver.getTitle());

方式2：通过Dockerfile安装Chrome和ChromeDriver

Dockerfile相关代码：

## 安装Google Chrome
RUN wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -
RUN sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
RUN apt-get -y update
RUN apt-get install -y google-chrome-stable

## 安装ChromeDriver
RUN wget -q -O $APP_DIR/chromedriver_$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION_linux64.zip https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION/chromedriver_linux64.zip
RUN unzip $APP_DIR/chromedriver_$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION_linux64.zip -d /usr/bin/
RUN chmod +x /usr/bin/chromedriver
RUN rm -rf $APP_DIR/chromedriver_$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION_linux64.zip

容器内版本验证结果：

docker exec -it my_docker_container_name google-chrome --help
Google Chrome 114.0.5735.198
docker exec -it my_docker_container_name chromedriver --version
ChromeDriver 114.0.5735.90 (386bc09e8f4f2e025eddae123f36f6263096ae49-refs/branch-heads/5735@{#1052})

错误信息 #

异常信息：
2023-07-12 13:15:05 [main] INFO  c.e.maventest.MavenTestApplication.logStarted(61) - Started MavenTestApplication in 18.556 seconds (JVM running for 21.414)
Starting ChromeDriver 114.0.5735.90 (386bc09e8f4f2e025eddae123f36f6263096ae49-refs/branch-heads/5735@{#1052}) on port 45237
Only local connections are allowed.
[1689167707.191][SEVERE]: bind() failed: Cannot assign requested address (99)
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
2023-07-12 13:15:12 [main] ERROR c.e.m.service.SpringSeleniumRunner.run(101) - SpringSeleniumRunner exception: {}
java.lang.Exception: org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Response code 500. Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: unable to discover open pages)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Build info: version: '4.1.4', revision: '535d840ee2'
System info: host: '247af48ef4bc', ip: '172.17.0.2', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '5.15.49-linuxkit-pr', java.version: '17.0.7'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Command: [null, newSession {capabilities=[Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [--remote-allow-origins=*, --headless=new, --allowed-ips=127.0.0.1, --no-sandbox, --disable-setuid-sandbox, --remote-debugging-port=9222, --disable-dev-shm-usage, --disable-extensions, --disable-gpu], extensions: []}}], desiredCapabilities=Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [--remote-allow-origins=*, --headless=new, --allowed-ips=127.0.0.1, --no-sandbox, --disable-setuid-sandbox, --remote-debugging-port=9222, --disable-dev-shm-usage, --disable-extensions, --disable-gpu], extensions: []}}}]    at com.example.maventest.service.SpringSeleniumRunner.testChromeBySystemProperty(SpringSeleniumRunner.java:60)
    at com.example.maventest.service.SpringSeleniumRunner.run(SpringSeleniumRunner.java:98)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunner(SpringApplication.java:759)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.callRunners(SpringApplication.java:749)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:314)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1303)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1292)
    at com.example.maventest.MavenTestApplication.main(MavenTestApplication.java:13)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.MainMethodRunner.run(MainMethodRunner.java:49)
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:108)
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:58)
    at org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher.main(JarLauncher.java:65)
Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Response code 500. Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: unable to discover open pages)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Build info: version: '4.1.4', revision: '535d840ee2'
System info: host: '247af48ef4bc', ip: '172.17.0.2', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '5.15.49-linuxkit-pr', java.version: '17.0.7'

解决建议 #

1. 严格匹配Chrome与ChromeDriver版本
   当前Chrome版本为114.0.5735.198，ChromeDriver为114.0.5735.90，小版本不一致会导致兼容性问题。下载对应Chrome版本的ChromeDriver替换现有版本。

2. 调整Chrome启动参数

   • 移除--allowed-ips=127.0.0.1，该参数会限制ChromeDriver的连接范围；
   • 移除--remote-debugging-port=9222，避免端口绑定冲突；
   • 添加--window-size=1920,1080，无头模式下必须指定窗口大小才能正常初始化；
   • 添加--user-data-dir=/tmp/chrome-user-data，指定临时用户数据目录，避免权限问题。

调整后的ChromeOptions代码：

ChromeOptions co = new ChromeOptions();
co.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
co.addArguments("--headless=new");
co.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
co.addArguments("--disable-setuid-sandbox");
co.addArguments("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
co.addArguments("--disable-extensions");
co.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
co.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080");
co.addArguments("--user-data-dir=/tmp/chrome-user-data");

3. 优化Docker容器配置

   • 启动容器时添加--shm-size=2g，增大共享内存，避免Chrome因内存不足崩溃；
   • 在Dockerfile中安装Chrome依赖库，添加以下命令：

     RUN apt-get install -y libnss3 libgconf-2-4 libfontconfig1 libxrender1 libxss1
     

4. 使用Selenium自动驱动管理
   Selenium 4.x自带Selenium Manager，无需手动设置webdriver.chrome.driver，会自动匹配并下载对应版本的驱动，简化代码。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dhamore