Win11+PyCharm环境下Python3.7的pip安装/升级错误修复

问题场景 #

• 环境：Windows 11 + PyCharm + Python 3.7
• 执行pip install osgeo或pip install --upgrade pip时触发相同解码错误，核心报错：

  UnicodeDecodeError: 'cp949' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: illegal multibyte sequence
  

• 已尝试修改text_file.py和netrc.py添加encoding="UTF8"，但问题未解决

完整错误日志 #

ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 188, in _main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 185, in wrapper
return func(self, options, args)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 333, in run
reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\legacy\resolver.py", line 179, in resolve
discovered_reqs.extend(self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req))
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\legacy\resolver.py", line 362, in _resolve_one
abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\legacy\resolver.py", line 305, in _get_abstract_dist_for
skip_reason = self._check_skip_installed(req)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\legacy\resolver.py", line 250, in _check_skip_installed
self.finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=True)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 901, in find_requirement
req.name, specifier=req.specifier, hashes=hashes,
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 883, in find_best_candidate
candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 828, in find_all_candidates
project_url, link_evaluator=link_evaluator,
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 792, in process_project_url
html_page = self._link_collector.fetch_page(project_url)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 612, in fetch_page
return _get_html_page(location, session=self.session)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 451, in _get_html_page
resp = _get_html_response(url, session=session)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 166, in _get_html_response
"Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 543, in get
return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\session.py", line 421, in request
return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 516, in request
prep = self.prepare_request(req)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 459, in prepare_request
hooks=merge_hooks(request.hooks, self.hooks),
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 318, in prepare
self.prepare_auth(auth, url)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 549, in prepare_auth
r = auth(self)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\auth.py", line 202, in __call__
url, username, password = self._get_url_and_credentials(req.url)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\auth.py", line 178, in _get_url_and_credentials
username, password = self._get_new_credentials(original_url)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\auth.py", line 142, in _get_new_credentials
netrc_auth = get_netrc_auth(original_url)
File "j:\python\goci-ii_navigation\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\utils.py", line 204, in get_netrc_auth
_netrc = netrc(netrc_path).authenticators(host)
File "C:\python\Lib\netrc.py", line 30, in __init__
self._parse(file, fp, default_netrc)
File "C:\python\Lib\netrc.py", line 39, in _parse
toplevel = tt = lexer.get_token()
File "C:\python\Lib\shlex.py", line 105, in get_token
raw = self.read_token()
File "C:\python\Lib\shlex.py", line 136, in read_token
nextchar = self.instream.read(1)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'cp949' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: illegal multibyte sequence

解决建议 #

1. 检查并修复_netrc文件编码 #

错误根源是pip读取Windows下的_netrc配置文件时编码不兼容：

• 定位文件：通常在C:\Users\<你的用户名>_netrc，或通过echo %USERPROFILE%找到用户目录
• 编码修复：用记事本打开文件，点击「文件」→「另存为」，若当前是UTF-16带BOM（0xff字节是UTF-16的BOM标识），改为UTF-8无BOM或ANSI编码后保存
• 无效文件处理：若文件无实际认证内容，直接删除也可解决问题

2. 临时跳过netrc认证 #

无需修改任何文件，直接在pip命令前添加环境变量禁用netrc：

set PIP_NETRC=off && pip install osgeo

升级pip时用：

set PIP_NETRC=off && pip install --upgrade pip

3. 修复Python标准库的netrc读取逻辑 #

若修改文件编码无效，可修改Python的netrc.py强制指定编码：

• 打开C:\python\Lib\netrc.py
• 找到打开文件的代码块，原代码类似：

  with open(file, 'r') as fp:
      self._parse(file, fp, default_netrc)
  

• 修改为：

  with open(file, 'r', encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as fp:
      self._parse(file, fp, default_netrc)
  

  若明确文件实际编码（如UTF-16），可替换encoding='utf-8'为对应编码

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者SUNJU LEE