Target SDK升级至31后出现PendingIntent报错（未直接使用该API）

将应用Target SDK版本从30升级到31后，出现如下错误：

Targeting S+（版本31及以上）要求创建PendingIntent时必须指定FLAG_IMMUTABLE或FLAG_MUTABLE中的一个。
强烈建议使用FLAG_IMMUTABLE，仅当某些功能依赖可变的PendingIntent时才使用FLAG_MUTABLE，例如需要配合内联回复或气泡功能使用的场景。
错误堆栈信息：
at android.app.PendingIntent.checkFlags(PendingIntent.java:375)
at android.app.PendingIntent.getBroadcastAsUser(PendingIntent.java:645)
at android.app.PendingIntent.getBroadcast(PendingIntent.java:632)
at androidx.work.impl.utils.ForceStopRunnable.getPendingIntent(ForceStopRunnable.java:273)
at androidx.work.impl.utils.ForceStopRunnable.isForceStopped(ForceStopRunnable.java:151)
at androidx.work.impl.utils.ForceStopRunnable.forceStopRunnable(ForceStopRunnable.java:171)
at androidx.work.impl.utils.ForceStopRunnable.run(ForceStopRunnable.java:102)
at androidx.work.impl.utils.SerialExecutor$Task.run(SerialExecutor.java:91)

应用并未直接使用PendingIntent或任何Broadcast Receiver，项目的BUILD.GRADLE配置如下：

BUILD.GRADLE / MODULE #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.4.32'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-gradle-plugin:2.28-alpha"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.15'
        classpath 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.7.1'
        def nav_version = "2.3.0"
        classpath "androidx.navigation:navigation-safe-args-gradle-plugin:$nav_version"
        classpath 'gradle.plugin.com.onesignal:onesignal-gradle-plugin:0.12.10'

        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        jcenter()
        maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

BUILD.GRADLE / APP #

packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/ASL2.0'
        exclude("META-INF/*.kotlin_module")
    }

    compileOptions {
        coreLibraryDesugaringEnabled true
        sourceCompatibility "11"
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = "11"
    }

    buildFeatures {
        dataBinding true
        viewBinding true
    }

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: "libs", include: ["*.jar"])
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.6.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.1'
    implementation "androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.2.1"

    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'

    //Material Design
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.4.0'

    //Coroutines
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.4.3'
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.4.3'
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'

    //Navigation
    def nav_version = "2.3.5"
    implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment-ktx:$nav_version"
    implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-ui-ktx:$nav_version"

    def lifecycle_version = "2.3.1"
    // ViewModel
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:$lifecycle_version"
    // LiveData
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:$lifecycle_version"


    // Dagger dependencies
    def dagger_version = "2.27"
    implementation "com.google.dagger:dagger:$dagger_version"
    kapt "com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:$dagger_version"

    // Hilt dependencies

    def hilt_version = '2.28-alpha'
    implementation "com.google.dagger:hilt-android:$hilt_version"
    kapt "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-compiler:$hilt_version"

    // Hilt ViewModel extension
    def hilt_jetpack_version = "1.0.0-alpha02"
    implementation "androidx.hilt:hilt-lifecycle-viewmodel:$hilt_jetpack_version"
    kapt "androidx.hilt:hilt-compiler:$hilt_jetpack_version"

    //Retrofit
    implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.0")
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0'
    implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:4.9.0")
    implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.7.1'

    //java8
    coreLibraryDesugaring 'com.android.tools:desugar_jdk_libs:1.1.5'

    //Qr Code
    implementation 'com.budiyev.android:code-scanner:2.1.0'

    //Stetho
    implementation 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho:1.5.1'
    implementation 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho-urlconnection:1.5.1'
    implementation 'com.facebook.stetho:stetho-okhttp3:1.5.1'

    //Glide
    api 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.11.0'
    kapt 'com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:4.11.0'

    //Firebase
    implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:26.1.1')
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-ktx'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-ktx'

    //Swipe Delete
    implementation 'com.ernestoyaquello.dragdropswiperecyclerview:drag-drop-swipe-recyclerview:0.6.0'

    implementation 'com.github.emreerkahraman:MPAndroidChart:v4.0.1'

    implementation 'com.github.mkw8263:MindevPDFViewer:1.0.4'

    implementation 'com.otaliastudios:zoomlayout:1.7.0'

    //EasyImage
    implementation 'com.github.jkwiecien:EasyImage:3.0.3'

    //Image Crop UI
    implementation 'com.github.yalantis:ucrop:2.2.6-native'

    //Joda Time
    implementation 'joda-time:joda-time:2.10.10'

    //PhotoView Zoom
    implementation 'com.github.chrisbanes:PhotoView:2.1.4'

    //PinCodeView
    implementation 'com.github.antoxa2584x:PinCodeView:1.3.0'

    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'

    implementation 'com.onesignal:OneSignal:4.8.6'

    implementation 'com.chauthai.swipereveallayout:swipe-reveal-layout:1.4.1'

    implementation 'com.andrognito.flashbar:flashbar:1.0.3'
    implementation 'com.irozon.sneaker:sneaker:2.0.0'

    //Sentry
    implementation 'io.sentry:sentry-android:6.21.0'

    //Kotlin Reflect
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect:1.3.31"

    //Skeleton Effect
    implementation 'com.faltenreich:skeletonlayout:4.0.0'

    implementation 'com.vmadalin:easypermissions-ktx:1.0.0'

    implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.7.1'


}

android {
    packagingOptions {
        pickFirst "META-INF/DEPENDENCIES"
        pickFirst "META-INF/library_release.kotlin_module"
        //exclude "META-INF/DEPENDENCIES"
    }

已尝试升级库、Kotlin版本等操作，但会引发其他问题，目前使用implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.7.1'，问题仍未解决。

从错误堆栈可以看出，问题出在androidx.work库的ForceStopRunnable类中，该类创建PendingIntent时未指定FLAG_IMMUTABLE或FLAG_MUTABLE。针对这个问题，有以下几种解决方式：

1. 升级WorkManager到更高稳定版本 #

WorkManager在2.7.0及以上版本已修复Target SDK 31的兼容问题，但部分小版本可能存在遗漏。尝试升级到更高的稳定版本，比如2.8.1：

implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.8.1'

升级后同步Gradle并重新编译项目。

2. 强制指定PendingIntent标志位（临时方案） #

如果升级WorkManager引发依赖冲突，可通过反射修改ForceStopRunnable内部的PendingIntent创建逻辑，添加FLAG_IMMUTABLE：

import android.app.PendingIntent
import android.content.Context
import androidx.work.WorkManager
import androidx.work.impl.utils.ForceStopRunnable
import java.lang.reflect.Method

fun initWorkManager(context: Context) {
    WorkManager.initialize(context, androidx.work.Configuration.Builder().build())
    try {
        // 反射获取创建PendingIntent的方法
        val method = ForceStopRunnable::class.java.getDeclaredMethod("getPendingIntent", Context::class.java)
        method.isAccessible = true
        // 调用方法并修改返回的PendingIntent，添加FLAG_IMMUTABLE
        val originalIntent = method.invoke(null, context) as PendingIntent
        val updatedIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
            context,
            originalIntent.requestCode,
            originalIntent.intent,
            PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE or PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
        )
        // 将修改后的PendingIntent替换回原类（需额外反射字段，此处简化示例）
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        e.printStackTrace()
    }
}

注意：反射方式存在兼容性风险，后续库版本更新可能失效，仅作为临时过渡方案。

3. 检查并升级其他第三方依赖 #

除WorkManager外，部分第三方库（如OneSignal、Firebase）也可能间接创建未指定标志位的PendingIntent：

• OneSignal：当前使用4.8.6，尝试升级到兼容Target SDK 31的最新稳定版
• Firebase：当前使用BOM 26.1.1，升级到更高版本的BOM，比如29.0.0：

implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:29.0.0')

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Kaan Kaplan