Chrome WebDriver+Selenium连接VPN后DevTools断开问题求助

在使用Selenium搭配Chrome WebDriver时，连接VPN后调用driver.get()出现disconnected: not connected to DevTools错误。必须在连接VPN前启动WebDriver，VPN连接前加载网页正常，调整ChromeOptions后问题仍存在。

代码示例 #

import subprocess
import time

from selenium import webdriver

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--start-maximized")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(
    options=options
)

subprocess.Popen(
    'rasdial "jp-free-09.protonvpn.net"',
    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
    shell=True
)
print('Connected to VPN.')

time.sleep(10)

driver.get('https://stackoverflow.com/')
driver.quit()
print('Completed.')

报错信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Users\****\****\****\****\****.py", line 23, in <module>
    driver.get('https://stackoverflow.com/')
  File "C:\Users\****\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 355, in get
    self.execute(Command.GET, {"url": url})
  File "C:\Users\****\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 346, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\****\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 245, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: disconnected: not connected to DevTools
  (failed to check if window was closed: disconnected: not connected to DevTools)
  (Session info: chrome=115.0.5790.102)
Stacktrace:
Backtrace:
        GetHandleVerifier [0x00A5A813+48355]
        (No symbol) [0x009EC4B1]
        (No symbol) [0x008F5358]
        (No symbol) [0x008E7D96]
        (No symbol) [0x008E7AB9]
        (No symbol) [0x008F67C0]
        (No symbol) [0x0094C4D8]
        (No symbol) [0x0093A536]
        (No symbol) [0x009182DC]
        (No symbol) [0x009193DD]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x00CBAABD+2539405]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x00CFA78F+2800735]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x00CF456C+2775612]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x00AE51E0+616112]
        (No symbol) [0x009F5F8C]
        (No symbol) [0x009F2328]
        (No symbol) [0x009F240B]
        (No symbol) [0x009E4FF7]
        BaseThreadInitThunk [0x779200C9+25]
        RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77C87B1E+286]
        RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77C87AEE+238]

环境信息 #

• Python: 3.11.4
• selenium: 4.10.0
• webdriver-manager: 3.8.6
• Chrome: 115.0.5790.102（ChromeDriver版本匹配）

解决思路与方案 #

• 固定DevTools调试端口：VPN切换网络后，Chrome的DevTools连接易因网络环境变化中断。启动Chrome时指定固定调试端口，确保WebDriver能维持连接：

  options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9222")
  

  也可先启动Chrome实例，再通过debugger_address连接：

  # 先启动Chrome
  subprocess.Popen([
      "chrome.exe",
      "--remote-debugging-port=9222",
      "--start-maximized"
  ])
  time.sleep(3)
  # 连接到已启动的Chrome
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
  

• 禁用网络安全限制：VPN可能触发Chrome的网络安全策略，导致渲染进程与DevTools断开，添加以下参数：

  options.add_argument("--disable-web-security")
  options.add_argument("--allow-running-insecure-content")
  

• 验证VPN连接状态：time.sleep(10)无法确保VPN完全生效，建议通过ping目标地址或访问测试URL的方式，确认网络连通后再执行driver.get()。

• 重启Chrome进程（备选）：若业务场景允许，VPN连接成功后关闭原Chrome实例，重新启动WebDriver：

  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
  # 连接VPN逻辑
  subprocess.Popen('rasdial "jp-free-09.protonvpn.net"', ...)
  time.sleep(10)
  # 重启驱动
  driver.quit()
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
  driver.get('https://stackoverflow.com/')
  

• 尝试无头模式：无头模式下网络切换的兼容性可能更稳定，添加参数：

  options.add_argument("--headless=new")
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Y-404