Windows 11下MSYS2环境中make二次编译失败的原因与解决

在MSYS2 Bash Shell环境下，使用cmake和make编译C代码：

1. 在build目录执行cmake ../ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
2. 首次运行make成功生成二进制文件
3. 再次执行make时触发错误：

app/src/CMakeFiles/app.dir/compiler_depend.make:4: *** multiple target patterns.  Stop.
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:112: app/src/CMakeFiles/app.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:91: all] Error 2

只有执行make rebuild_cache && make clean && make才能重新编译成功。

项目文件结构：

.
├── app
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   └── src
│       ├── CMakeLists.txt
│       └── main.cpp
└── CMakeLists.txt

各CMakeLists.txt内容：

• 根目录CMakeLists.txt：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
project(app)
add_subdirectory(app)

• app目录CMakeLists.txt：

add_subdirectory(src)

• src目录CMakeLists.txt：

if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    message ("Creating Debug build")
    add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -ggdb3)
endif ()

set(SOURCES  "main.cpp")

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SOURCES})

生成的顶层Makefile内容：

# CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
# Generated by "Unix Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 3.26

# Default target executed when no arguments are given to make.
default_target: all
.PHONY : default_target

# Allow only one "make -f Makefile2" at a time, but pass parallelism.
.NOTPARALLEL:

#=============================================================================
# Special targets provided by cmake.

# Disable implicit rules so canonical targets will work.
.SUFFIXES:

# Disable VCS-based implicit rules.
% : %,v

# Disable VCS-based implicit rules.
% : RCS/%

# Disable VCS-based implicit rules.
% : RCS/%,v

# Disable VCS-based implicit rules.
% : SCCS/s.%

# Disable VCS-based implicit rules.
% : s.%

.SUFFIXES: .hpux_make_needs_suffix_list

# Command-line flag to silence nested $(MAKE).
$(VERBOSE)MAKESILENT = -s

#Suppress display of executed commands.
$(VERBOSE).SILENT:

# A target that is always out of date.
cmake_force:
.PHONY : cmake_force

#=============================================================================
# Set environment variables for the build.

# The shell in which to execute make rules.
SHELL = /bin/sh

# The CMake executable.
CMAKE_COMMAND = /usr/bin/cmake.exe

# The command to remove a file.
RM = /usr/bin/cmake.exe -E rm -f

# Escaping for special characters.
EQUALS = =

# The top-level source directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR = /c/Users/malware/Desktop/first_app

# The top-level build directory on which CMake was run.
CMAKE_BINARY_DIR = /c/Users/malware/Desktop/first_app/build

#=============================================================================
# Targets provided globally by CMake.

# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache:
    @$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake cache editor..."
    /usr/bin/ccmake.exe -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
.PHONY : edit_cache

# Special rule for the target edit_cache
edit_cache/fast: edit_cache
.PHONY : edit_cache/fast

# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache:
    @$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan "Running CMake to regenerate build system..."
    /usr/bin/cmake.exe --regenerate-during-build -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR)
.PHONY : rebuild_cache

# Special rule for the target rebuild_cache
rebuild_cache/fast: rebuild_cache
.PHONY : rebuild_cache/fast

# The main all target
all: cmake_check_build_system
    $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /c/Users/malware/Desktop/first_app/build/CMakeFiles /c/Users/malware/Desktop/first_app/build//CMakeFiles/progress.marks
    $(MAKE) $(MAKESILENT) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
    $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_progress_start /c/Users/malware/Desktop/first_app/build/CMakeFiles 0
.PHONY : all

# The main clean target
clean:
    $(MAKE) $(MAKESILENT) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 clean
.PHONY : clean

# The main clean target
clean/fast: clean
.PHONY : clean/fast

# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall: all
    $(MAKE) $(MAKESILENT) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall

# Prepare targets for installation.
preinstall/fast:
    $(MAKE) $(MAKESILENT) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 preinstall
.PHONY : preinstall/fast

# clear depends
depend:
    $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 1
.PHONY : depend

#=============================================================================
# Target rules for targets named app

# Build rule for target.
app: cmake_check_build_system
    $(MAKE) $(MAKESILENT) -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 app
.PHONY : app

# fast build rule for target.
app/fast:
    $(MAKE) $(MAKESILENT) -f app/src/CMakeFiles/app.dir/build.make app/src/CMakeFiles/app.dir/build
.PHONY : app/fast

# Help Target
help:
    @echo "The following are some of the valid targets for this Makefile:"
    @echo "... all (the default if no target is provided)"
    @echo "... clean"
    @echo "... depend"
    @echo "... edit_cache"
    @echo "... rebuild_cache"
    @echo "... app"
.PHONY : help



#=============================================================================
# Special targets to cleanup operation of make.

# Special rule to run CMake to check the build system integrity.
# No rule that depends on this can have commands that come from listfiles
# because they might be regenerated.
cmake_check_build_system:
    $(CMAKE_COMMAND) -S$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
.PHONY : cmake_check_build_system

错误原因 #

这个multiple target patterns错误的核心是Windows路径格式（带冒号:）在Makefile中被误解析为目标-依赖分隔符：

• 在MSYS2环境中，CMake生成的compiler_depend.make文件可能包含C:/Users/...这类Windows绝对路径
• Make工具会将路径中的冒号识别为规则分隔符（比如target: dependency的冒号），导致无法正确解析依赖规则
• 首次make成功是因为依赖文件尚未生成，不会触发路径解析问题；后续执行时依赖文件已存在，路径格式冲突引发错误

解决办法 #

方法1：统一使用MSYS2风格路径 #

执行cmake时，采用MSYS2的Unix风格路径（如/c/Users/malware/Desktop/first_app），确保CMake生成的所有路径都不带Windows格式的冒号：

cd /c/Users/malware/Desktop/first_app/build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug

方法2：强制CMake生成相对/ Unix风格路径 #

在根目录CMakeLists.txt开头添加配置：

set(CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS ON)

或者执行cmake时直接指定参数：

cmake ../ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS=ON

方法3：快速清理损坏的依赖文件 #

无需清空整个build目录，直接删除出错的依赖文件即可：

rm app/src/CMakeFiles/app.dir/compiler_depend.make
make

方法4：确认MSYS2工具优先级 #

确保使用的是MSYS2自带的make而非Windows系统工具，执行以下命令验证：

which make

输出应为/usr/bin/make，若不是则调整环境变量优先级，让MSYS2的工具优先执行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者packet_sniffer