Debian 11 Bullseye执行apt update报错:仓库无Release文件
解决Debian 11 Bullseye官方安全源404错误
问题场景
树莓派4(8GB)运行Debian 11 Bullseye,执行常规的sudo apt update时触发404错误,具体输出如下:
$ sudo apt update [etc, no errors above this...] Err:9 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-security Release 404 Not Found [IP: 151.101.62.132 80] Hit:10 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/theofficialgman/flatpak-no-bwrap/ubuntu focal InRelease Hit:4 https://box64.debian.ryanfortner.dev/debian ./ InRelease Hit:7 https://box86.debian.ryanfortner.dev/debian ./ InRelease Reading package lists... Done E: The repository 'http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-security Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
该官方源此前正常工作,用户因担心影响系统不敢随意删除,寻求解决办法。
解决步骤
1. 原因说明
Debian 11 Bullseye已于2024年7月结束常规支持,原bullseye-security源地址已停止维护,需切换至LTS(长期支持)专用的安全源地址。
2. 修改APT源配置
编辑系统源配置文件:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
找到所有包含bullseye-security的行,将其替换为:
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-security main contrib non-free-firmware
注:如果原有行包含
non-free,替换时改为non-free-firmware即可,Debian 11后期调整了固件包的分类。
3. 完整替换LTS源(可选)
若上述修改后仍有问题,可将所有Bullseye相关源统一替换为LTS维护版本:
将sources.list中所有bullseye相关的源行替换为:
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free-firmware deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free-firmware deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free-firmware deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-security main contrib non-free-firmware
修改完成后,按Ctrl+O保存文件,Ctrl+X退出编辑器。
4. 验证修复
执行以下命令更新缓存,确认错误消失:
sudo apt update
5. 长期解决方案(可选)
若想获得更久的系统支持,建议备份数据后升级到Debian 12 Bookworm:
- 先执行系统升级到Bullseye最新版本:
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
- 将
sources.list中所有bullseye替换为bookworm - 再次执行升级完成版本切换:
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
内容的提问来源于stack exchange,提问作者user21327672
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