如何使用Maven Shade插件重定位外部库的Properties文件？

我想用Maven Shade插件将第三方库shade并重定位到自己的插件中，目前类已经完成重定位，但运行插件时出现错误。咨询后得知是ServiceLoader配置文件（而非普通Properties文件）未被正确处理。以下是相关配置和报错信息：

依赖配置 #

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.kyori</groupId>
        <artifactId>adventure-text-minimessage</artifactId>
        <version>4.14.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.kyori</groupId>
        <artifactId>adventure-text-serializer-json</artifactId>
        <version>4.14.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.kyori</groupId>
        <artifactId>adventure-text-serializer-gson</artifactId>
        <version>4.14.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

已尝试的Maven Shade插件配置 #

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <minimizeJar>true</minimizeJar>
        <filters>
            <filter>
                <artifact>NmsTest:*</artifact>
                <includes>
                    <include>**</include>
                </includes>
            </filter>
        </filters>
        <artifactSet>
            <includes>
                <include>net.kyori:*</include>
                <include>NmsTest:*</include>
            </includes>
        </artifactSet>
        <relocations>
            <relocation>
                <pattern>net.kyori</pattern>
                <shadedPattern>nt-shaded.net.kyori</shadedPattern>
            </relocation>
        </relocations>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

报错信息 #

Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: No JsonComponentSerializer implementation found

Are you missing an implementation artifact like adventure-text-serializer-gson?
Is your environment configured in a way that causes ServiceLoader to malfunction?

核心问题是Adventure库依赖的SPI配置文件未被合并和重定位，Shade插件默认不会处理META-INF/services下的文件内容，且minimizeJar可能误删SPI实现类。按以下步骤修改配置：

• 禁用或调整minimizeJar
  minimizeJar=true会自动移除它判定为"未使用"的类，但SPI实现类常被误判。如果不需要精简Jar，直接禁用该选项：

  <minimizeJar>false</minimizeJar>
  

  若必须保留精简，需添加过滤规则确保Adventure的SPI实现类被保留。

• 添加ResourceTransformer处理SPI文件
  在插件配置中加入resourceTransformers，用于合并META-INF/services下的配置文件，并确保内容中的类路径被重定位：

  <resourceTransformers>
      <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
  </resourceTransformers>
  

• 完善重定位规则
  确保重定位规则包含所有相关资源文件（类、配置文件、SPI文件）：

  <relocations>
      <relocation>
          <pattern>net.kyori</pattern>
          <shadedPattern>nt-shaded.net.kyori</shadedPattern>
          <includes>
              <include>net/kyori/**/*.class</include>
              <include>net/kyori/**/*.properties</include>
              <include>META-INF/services/net.kyori.*</include>
          </includes>
      </relocation>
  </relocations>
  

• 完整修改后的Shade插件配置

  <plugin>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.0</version>
      <executions>
          <execution>
              <phase>package</phase>
              <goals>
                  <goal>shade</goal>
              </goals>
          </execution>
      </executions>
      <configuration>
          <minimizeJar>false</minimizeJar>
          <filters>
              <filter>
                  <artifact>NmsTest:*</artifact>
                  <includes>
                      <include>**</include>
                  </includes>
              </filter>
              <filter>
                  <artifact>net.kyori:*</artifact>
                  <includes>
                      <include>**/*.class</include>
                      <include>**/*.properties</include>
                      <include>META-INF/services/**</include>
                  </includes>
              </filter>
          </filters>
          <artifactSet>
              <includes>
                  <include>net.kyori:*</include>
                  <include>NmsTest:*</include>
              </includes>
          </artifactSet>
          <relocations>
              <relocation>
                  <pattern>net.kyori</pattern>
                  <shadedPattern>nt-shaded.net.kyori</shadedPattern>
                  <includes>
                      <include>net/kyori/**</include>
                      <include>META-INF/services/net.kyori.*</include>
                  </includes>
              </relocation>
          </relocations>
          <resourceTransformers>
              <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
          </resourceTransformers>
      </configuration>
  </plugin>
  

修改后执行mvn clean package重新构建，即可解决SPI加载失败的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user22204428