Google Colab中TensorFlow Object Detection API安装报错求助

问题背景 #

执行以下命令安装TensorFlow Object Detection API：

!git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/models.git

%cd /content/models/research/
!protoc object_detection/protos/*.proto --python_out=. 

!cp object_detection/packages/tf2/setup.py .
!python -m pip install .

触发PyYAML编译失败错误：

Collecting pyyaml<6.0,>=5.1 (from tf-models-official>=2.5.1->object-detection==0.1)
  Using cached PyYAML-5.4.1.tar.gz (175 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> See above for output.
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

已尝试的无效操作：

• 无缓存安装：

  !python -m pip install . --no-cache-dir
  

• 重置/删除Colab运行时
• 卸载所有pip包：

  !pip freeze > requirements.txt
  !pip uninstall -r requirements.txt -y
  

• 单独安装最新版PyYAML（安装成功但原API安装脚本仍失败）
• 执行!pip install tf-models-official>=2.5.1
• 执行!pip install --upgrade pip setuptools

有效解决方案 #

方案1：预编译PyYAML安装优先 #

Colab默认环境缺少PyYAML编译依赖，直接安装预编译wheel包绕过编译步骤：

# 安装符合版本要求的预编译PyYAML
!pip install pyyaml==5.4.1 --only-binary=:all:
# 继续完成API安装
%cd /content/models/research/
!python -m pip install .

方案2：放宽PyYAML版本限制 #

修改setup.py中的依赖约束，允许使用更高版本的PyYAML（你已验证可成功安装最新版）：

1. 打开/content/models/research/setup.py，找到依赖项中pyyaml<6.0,>=5.1的条目，修改为pyyaml>=5.1
2. 保存后执行安装：

%cd /content/models/research/
!python -m pip install .

方案3：使用官方简化安装脚本 #

直接使用TensorFlow官方提供的Colab专用安装命令，自动处理依赖冲突：

# 克隆models仓库
!git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/models.git

# 安装protoc编译工具
!apt-get install protobuf-compiler

# 编译Object Detection的proto文件
%cd /content/models/research/
!protoc object_detection/protos/*.proto --python_out=.

# 安装TF2版本的Object Detection API
!pip install -q object-detection[tf2]

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ela16